National Institutes of Health Building 37 Modernization Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option The Pennsylvania State University Department of Architectural Engineering Spring 2005 Thesis

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Presentation Outline General Project Information Project Team Existing Conditions Redesign Goals Mechanical Redesign Solar Analysis Structural Analysis Conclusions Acknowledgements Questions

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 General Project Information Located in Bethesda, Maryland on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) campus Began modernization phases in 1997 $82.8 million

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Presentation Outline General Project Information Project Team Existing Conditions Redesign Goals Mechanical Redesign Solar Analysis Structural Analysis Conclusions Acknowledgements Questions

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Project Team Owners: –National Institutes of Health (NIH) –National Cancer Institute (NCI) Architects: –FLAD & Associates, Inc. –Louviere, Stratton & Yokel (LSY) Engineers: –AEPA Architects & Engineers, P.C. –Affiliated Engineers, Inc. (MEP) –James Posey Associates, Inc. (Consulting Engineers) –Aerosol Monitoring & Analysis (Environmental) –Rathgeber/Goss Associates (Structural) –JBG Engineers (Audiovisual) General Contractor: –Whiting Turner CM: –Smith Management Construction, Inc.

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Presentation Outline General Project Information Project Team Existing Conditions Redesign Goals Mechanical Redesign Solar Analysis Structural Analysis Conclusions Acknowledgements Questions

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Existing Conditions Architectural Features –Two circulation towers –Four utility corridors Architectural Design –21,889 m 2 (235,613 ft 2 ) –6 stories above grade –Offices & laboratories –Mechanical penthouse

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Existing Conditions Electrical/Lighting –Underground duct system from Bldg 36 –Main distribution: 4000A, 480Y/277V, 3-phase, 4-wire –Transformers: (3) 2500kVA, 13.8kV to 480Y/277V, 3- phase, 4-wire –Fluorescent light fixtures: RF suppression ballasts –Laboratory lighting density = 2.5 W/m 2

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Existing Conditions Structural –Steel column grid matrix –Pre-cast concrete panels –Pre-tensioned concrete floor slabs Roof System –Concrete slab on metal roof deck –Roof drains

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Existing Conditions Mechanical –(8) 100% OA AHUs supplying to a zoned VAV system Approximately 28,000-29,000 L/s (59,000-61,000 cfm) –(8) Fume exhaust fans 32,000 L/s (68,000 cfm) –District heating/cooling Chilled water: 6ºC, (3) constant speed tertiary pumps Steam: 20,000 lbs/hr, 165 psi Fire Protection –Passive System Corridors: 1 hour fire rating Independent risers for fume hoods –Active System Zoned automatic sprinkler system

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Presentation Outline General Project Information Project Team Existing Conditions Redesign Goals Mechanical Redesign Solar Analysis Structural Analysis Conclusions Acknowledgements Questions

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Redesign Goals Mechanical –Energy Efficient –Decreased Cooling Load –Cost Savings –State-of-the-Art Laboratory and Research Facility Solar –Decrease Peak Electrical Load –Cost Efficient Structural –Support Additional Loads of New Equipment

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Redesign Goals Mechanical Design Conditions Outdoor Design Conditions CoolingDBT ºCWBT ºC Heating-10.3N/A Indoor Design Conditions CoolingDBT ºC% RH 2350 Heating2150

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Presentation Outline General Project Information Project Team Existing Conditions Redesign Goals Mechanical Redesign Solar Analysis Structural Analysis Conclusions Acknowledgements Questions

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Mechanical Redesign Passive Desiccant Dehumidification – Energy Recovery –Cross-contamination concerns with fume hoods –Based on SEMCO model: EXCLU-SIEVE 3 Ǻ molecular sieve desiccant coating

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Mechanical Redesign SEMCO EXCLU-SIEVE TE3-70 Model AHUFace Velocity Pressure Loss EffectivenessUnit Effectiveness Cooling Unit Effectiveness Heating Purge Volume Chiller Reduction Capacity Boiler Reduction Capacity FpmIn. wg%SupplyReturnSupplyReturncfmtonsboiler hp AHU AHU AHU AHU AHU AHU AHU AHU

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Mechanical Redesign Performance Data –Velocity: 900 fpm –Wheel efficiency: 76% –Pressure drop: 0.94 in. wg –Wheel model size: 70 –Airflow rate: 29,900 L/s (63,360 cfm) Unit Dimensions –Net weight: 4680 lbs –Flow area/side: 70.4 ft 2 –Nominal airflow: 26,500 L/s (56,000 cfm) A = in C = 89.4 in B = 79.1 in D = 84.3 in W = 23.0 in

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Mechanical Redesign AHU-#Equipment First Cost ($) Installation Cost ($) First Cost Savings ($) Immediate Payback w/ Positive PCV ($) Cooling Capacity Required (tons) Existing Cooling Load (tons) Heating Capacity Required (MBH) Existing Heating Load (MBH) AHU-145,00022,50060,362233, AHU-245,00022,50064,030241, AHU-345,00022,50064,030241, AHU-445,00022,50060,362233, AHU-545,00022,50060,362233, AHU-645,00022,50060,362233, AHU-745,00022,50064,030241, AHU-845,00022,50064,030241,

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Presentation Outline General Project Information Project Team Existing Conditions Redesign Goals Mechanical Redesign Solar Analysis Structural Analysis Conclusions Acknowledgements Questions

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Solar Analysis Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Cells –Converts solar radiation into electric power –Feasibility 4-5kWh/m 2 /day –Peak Electric Load 5,846,644 kWh –BP Solar 4160 S 62.7”x31.1” 2480 modules 512,216 kWh

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Solar Analysis Total Initial Costs = $3,424, years

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Presentation Outline General Project Information Project Team Existing Conditions Redesign Goals Mechanical Redesign Solar Analysis Structural Analysis Conclusions Acknowledgements Questions

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Structural Impact Analysis Increased Loading Mechanical Equip.4,680 lbs PV Solar Modules84,320 lbs Total121,760 lbs = kips ASCE 7-98 –Roof Live Load (L r =20R 1 R 2 =16 psf) –Reduction in Live Load LRFD –Member sizing (Columns and Composite Beams)

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Structural Impact Analysis 1040 kips 833 kips 778 kips 623 kips 516 kips 413 kips 253 kips 203kips Non- composite 1.3C24 with t=3.3” LW concrete slab 165N4 k Joist Girder 16K2 Joists with 2 Rows Bridging W12x26 Composite Beam Composite 3VLI17 with t=6.5” NW concrete slabs Column Design Roof Design Mechanical Floor Design

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Presentation Outline General Project Information Project Team Existing Conditions Redesign Goals Mechanical Redesign Solar Analysis Structural Analysis Conclusions Acknowledgements Questions

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Conclusions Recommendations Equipment First Cost ($) Installation Cost ($) First Cost Savings ($) Immediate Payback w/ Positive PCV ($) Cooling Capacity Required (tons) Existing Cooling Load (tons) Heating Capacity Required (MBH) Existing Heating Load (MBH) Total360,000180,000497,5681,900,

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Presentation Outline General Project Information Project Team Existing Conditions Redesign Goals Mechanical Redesign Solar Analysis Structural Analysis Conclusions Acknowledgements Questions

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Acknowledgements Special Thanks to… –The AE Department, Staff & Faculty –AEI sponsor: Michael Soong –LSY sponsors: James Louviere and Christine Ward –Smith Management sponsor: Randy Baer –Mechanical Professors, especially Dr. Jim Freihaut –My Family and Friends –AE Class of 2005

The Pennsylvania State University Katie L. McGimpsey Mechanical Option NIH Building 37 Modernization Spring 2005 Questions