Space Data Routers for Exploiting Space Data Martin Götzelmann, VEGA Vassilis Tsaoussidis, DUTH Sotirios Diamantopoulos, DUTH Ioannis A. Daglis, NOA Theodore Amanatidis, SI Bogdan Ghita, UoP

ESAW Space Data Routers page 2 Presentation Outline Project Context and Motivation Delay/Disruption Tolerant Network Study Objectives and Study Logic Application Scenarios to Study DTN across TM/TC Packet and AOS Protocols Conclusions SPACE DATA ROUTERS project has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/ ) under grant agreement No ([FP7/ _FP7-SPACE , SP1 Cooperation, Collaborative project) This presentation reflects only the authors views and the Community is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.

ESAW Space Data Routers page 3 Team Members and Co-Authors Team Composition Democritus University of Thrace, Greece (DUTH) –Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering –Coordinator VEGA Space GmbH Space Internetworks Ltd, Greece (SI) National Observatory of Athens, Greece (NOA) –Institute for Space Applications and Remote Sensing (ISARS) University of Plymouth, UK (UoP) –Centre for Security, Communications, and Networks (CSCAN) Co-Authors Prof. Vassilis Tsaoussidis Sotirios Diamantopoulos Theodore Amanatidis Dr Ioannis A. Daglis Dr. Bogdan Ghita

ESAW Space Data Routers page 4 Project Context and Motivation Delay / Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTN) Timely access to space data Dissemination of large data volumes Science Needs Emerging Technology

ESAW Space Data Routers page 5 DTN in Space – Classical Scenario

ESAW Space Data Routers page 6 BP Transp. Lower Layers Lower Layers Transp. BP TCP Lower Layers Lower Layers Transp. DTN Concepts and Protocols BP Dest. Transp. Lower Layers BP Source TCP Lower Layers Region Specific Layers Region Specific Layers Appl. Region Specific Layers Region Specific Layers Appl. Bundle Layer Store and Forward Message Switching LTP long delay

ESAW Space Data Routers page 7 Communication Scenario – Protocol Stack

ESAW Space Data Routers page 8 DTN Status NASA has heavily invested in space internetworking based on DTN –Flight validation experiments Epoxi Spacecraft (Deep Space) 2008 ISS based payload 2009 Adopted by CCSDS in 2008 General agreement that this is a promising technology but different views on maturity –Open Issues Routing policies design and evaluation Security concerns Compatibility with space protocols

ESAW Space Data Routers page 9 Previous Work by DUTH for ESOC Project: Extending Internet into Space –Phase 1 –Produce a design directive for space internetworking –Phase 2 Design an appropriate DTN/IP Space-Ground Testbed and associated scenarios for evaluation, mainly targeting Mars communications –Phase 3 –Evaluate CFDP versus DTN –Enhance DTN in the context of space internetworking (routing, reliability) –DTN Security Mechanisms Prof. Tsaoussidis is ESA Delegate in the CCSDS DTN Working Group

ESAW Space Data Routers page 10 Study Logic

ESAW Space Data Routers page 11 Application Scenario Groups to Study Extending End-User Access to Space Data –CHRIS Hyperspectral Data from PROBA-1 Satellite –AVHRR Images from POES/NOAA Satellites Exploiting/Disseminating Data from Deep Space –OMEGA Hyperspectral Data from ESA/Mars Express –OSIRIS Image Data from ESA/Rosetta Acquisition/Delivery of Vast Volumes of Data –ESA Sentinels Exploiting Thematic Cross-Mission Data –Space Weather / Sun-Earth Connection –Urban Heat Islands and Urban Thermography

ESAW Space Data Routers page 12 Expected Impact of DTN - SDR PROBA-1, POES/NOAA –Extension of end-user’s access to data –Increase of data acquisition frequency –Increase of data downloading rate ESA/Mars Express, ESA/Rosetta –Elimination of data loss and increase of data volume received –Increase of access speed to deep space data ESA/Sentinels –Acquisition, management and efficient dissemination of large volumes of data Multiple Missions –Real-time access to data from multiple missions –Successful acquisition of data even under hostile communication conditions –Improved interconnection between ground and space assets

ESAW Space Data Routers page 13 Example: Urban Heat Islands (1/2)

ESAW Space Data Routers page 14 Example: Urban Heat Islands (2/2) Current problems: Different location of data. Even for the same sensor/mission the data location differs for “real-time” and “on demand” use. “Real-time” is only ensured when the receiving station is within ISARS. Any other route means “near real-time” (even hours of delay), which means that any future service based on this data cannot be given in real time. Expected impact using SDR The application allows for data gathering from multiple missions for one scientific objective. Advanced protocols allow for successful data transmission even in harsh/challenged communication conditions. Depending on the mission, better interconnection between space and ground assets Data can be transferred to other DTN nodes in Space before being dumped in Earth when direct delivery is not possible Ensure real time data acquisition.

ESAW Space Data Routers page 15 Routing of Data for Improved Access

ESAW Space Data Routers page 16 DTN over TM/TC Links (1/3) Linux Box SIMSAT/SCM conv Data Link Layer Stream I/F Spacelink CORBA/TCP DTN SIMSAT/Ground SLE/TCP Stream I/F SLE Provider LAN/WAN conv Linux Box SIMSAT/SOC Data Link Layer SLE User DTN conv LPTBP LPTBP Only for CCSDS Packet TM/TC

ESAW Space Data Routers page 17 DTN over TM/TC Links (2/3) Linux Box DTN SIMSAT/SCM conv Data Link Layer I/F or PCM Linux Box SIMSAT/SOC Data Link Layer SLE User SLE/TCP DTN HW I/F IMBU conv Spacelink TCP LAN/WAN conv LTPBP LTPBP Only for CCSDS Packet TM/TC

ESAW Space Data Routers page 18 DTN over TM/TC Links (3/3) Downlink Packet TM – Uplink Packet TC Downlink: AOS– Uplink AOS Downlink: AOS– Uplink Packet TC Using Encapsulation Packets Linux Box DTN TestBed/SCM conv Data Link Layer Linux Box DTN TestBed/GS Data Link Layer UDP UDP I/F conv Spacelink UDP LTP LAN / WAN UDP I/F BP LTP

ESAW Space Data Routers page 19 Conclusions Objectives of the SDR Project is to investigate how DTN can support scientific users Space Data Routers are devices for routing of space data not only in space but also on ground, providing unified communication channels for dissemination of space data Expected Capabilities to be analysed –Extension of end-user access to space data; –Improved exploitation of data from deep space –Efficient delivery of vast volumes of data to end-users over terrestrial internetworks –Potential of DTN overlays to administer thematic cross-mission space data