Government, Economy, and Culture 7 th Grade Global Studies

Types of Government ◆ Democracy ◆ Monarchy ◆ Oligarchy ◆ Dictatorship

Government is elected by the people Direct Democracy the people as a body make the decisions Indirect (or Representative) Democracy the people elect representatives to make the decisions on their behalf Democracy:

Monarchy King, queen, emperor or empress. Position passed on to the ruler’s heirs. Traditional Monarchy (Saudi Arabia) Monarch has absolute power. Constitutional Monarchy (United Kingdom) Democratic government limits the monarch's control

Oligarchy A few people (dominant clan/group) have all the power. Example: Communism

Dictatorship Rule by a single leader Leader not elected May use force to keep control. Military dictatorship: army in control

Economy Method used by a society to produce and distribute goods and services. Or, How the government tells us what we can get and how to get it! F9iHKvxcmoc/UsdIxoULaHI/AAAAAAAAAno/RvTdwTt5 Hlc/s200/63-Free-Retro-Clipart-Illustration-Of-Man- Carrying-Big-Bag-Of-Money-With-Dollar-Sign.jpg

Types of Economies ◆ Traditional ◆ Command ◆ Market ◆ Mixed

Traditional Economy Economic decisions based on habits and customs (the way it has always been done) Children work the same jobs parents worked, often farming or hunter/gatherer Ex. Eskimos, the Amish, African tribes

Command Economy Government makes the economic decisions Advantages: can act quickly in emergencies, provide for all people equally Disadvantages: Inefficient, no incentive to work hard or be creative Ex. Communist Countries (China, Vietnam, North Korea, former Soviet Union, Cuba)

Market Economy Driven by buyers and sellers (competition) Supply and demand influence economy Also known as FREE ENTERPRISE or CAPITALISM (No true free market economies actually exist)

Mixed Economy Individuals and businesses make decisions for private sector Government makes decisions for public sector Greater government role than strict market economy Most common economic system today Examples: USA, England, Germany, Russia

Culture The unique way in which a group of people live. "The total, generally organized way of life, including values, norms, institutions, and artifacts, that is passed on from generation to generation by learning alone"

Culture is like an Iceberg: YOU CAN SEE YOU CAN’T SEE 1.Facial expressions 2.Religious beliefs 3.Foods 4.Eating habits 5.Paintings 6.Concept of self 7.Work ethic 8.Styles of dress 9.Literature 10.Concept of fairness 11.Child-raising beliefs

What elements of culture do we see in these images?

TAPAS/ FOOD ARCHITECTURE DANCE/ CLOTHING SPORTS/ GAMES ARCHITECTURE What culture region is being depicted here?

A NEW, “GLOBAL” CULTURE As barriers to travel, trade and communication lessen, cultures spread, and become intertwined with others. GLOBALIZATION “Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology.” “What is Globalization.” Globalization101.org. The Levin Institute, Web. 14 September 2015.

Effects of Globalization on Culture : Cultural Diffusion: Exchange of ideas between cultures How? Trade - Warfare/Conquest - Internet Example: baseball in Japan Cultural Assimilation: Integrating elements of one culture into another (absorbing into a new culture) assimilation - when one ethnic group absorbs another, so that the cultural traits of the assimilated group become indistinguishable. diffusion - the spread of a cultural pattern from one culture to another, and where no directed change agent is apparent. content/uploads/2011/09/Globalization-and- Africa.jpeg

What’s your culture? Everyone has a culture. It shapes how we see the world, ourselves, and others. 1. How does my culture shape me? 2. How does culture shape the way we see ourselves, others, and the world? 3. Why is it important to understand culture? 4. Write down three specific examples of things that reveal your culture.