Maria Hamdouchi & De’Ahna Johnson

As Middle Eastern and Northern African countries experienced the Arab Spring, how did the United States and its respective stakes in the region affect their outcomes? Research Question

The Modern Middle East Regime Change Revolution War We Are GLOBAL Interdependent Economies Speculation and Protection Arab Spring 101 The Middle East Since 1970

Some Scholars would Argue… Economic Stability, Corruption, Will of the People Among other factors The Argument Countries with Stakes What was the main factor that influenced the outcomes of the Arab Spring? The Debate

Because of its stakes in the Middle East and North Africa, the United States influenced the outcomes of certain Arab Springs, favoring the successes of certain countries and the preservation of the status quo in others. Hypothesis Western Interests for Non Oil Countries Influence on Arab Spring Outcome Western Interests for Oil Countries

Arab Spring SuccessArab Spring Failure Oil CountriesQuadrant 1 Libya Quadrant 2 Bahrain, Saudi Arabia Non-Oil CountriesQuadrant 3 Egypt, Tunisia, Yemen Quadrant 4 Jordan, Morocco, Syria Selection Problems

Arab Countries and Arab Spring Outcome CountryArab SpringSuccess Algeria00 Bahrain*10 Egypt11 Iraq00 Jordan10 Kuwait*00 Lebanon00 Libya11 Morocco10 Oman*00 Qatar*00 Saudi Arabia*10 Syria10 Tunisia11 United Arab Emirates*00 Yemen11 *Denotes GCC Member

Presence of U.S. naval Base Bahrain’s GCC Status Why did we choose these countries? Clearly illustrates the relationship between western interests and arab spring outcomes. Selection Case Studies

Egypt

Syria

Libya

Bahrain

Trade as a Percentage of GDP Per Capita GDP Energy Production Net Oil Trade with the United States Methodology

Western Influence Economic Development Arab Spring We expect to find a positive correlation Growth vs. Western Influence Military Intervention Outcome of Arab Spring Relational Western Interests Take-Away Points