Chapter 8 Quadratic Equations and Functions

§ 8.1 The Square Root Property and Completing the Square

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #3 Section 8.1 Introduction What we already know about quadratic equations… A quadratic equation can be written in the standard form: Some quadratic equations can be solved by factoring.. Some quadratic equations cannot be factored. In this section, we look at a method for solving a quadratic equation that won’t factor. We look at a method called Completing the Square.

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #4 Section 8.1 The Square Root Property If u is an algebraic expression and d is a nonzero real number, then has exactly two solutions: Equivalently, This property says that when we take the square root of both sides of an equation, we get two roots. Don’t forget the P 563

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #5 Section 8.1 Using the Square Root PropertyEXAMPLE Solve: SOLUTION To apply the square root property, we need a squared expression by itself on one side of the equation. We can get by itself if we divide both sides by 4. This is the given equation. Divide both sides by 4. Apply the square root property. Simplify. No bx

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #6 Section 8.1 Using the Square Root Property The solutions are 3.5 and The solution set is {3.5,-3.5}. CONTINUED Check 3.5: Check -3.5: ? ?? ? true

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #7 Section 8.1 Using the Square Root Property Check point 1 page 564 Solve: SOLUTION Get by itself. Divide both sides by 4. Apply the square root property. Simplify. No bx

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #8 Section 8.1 Using the Square Root Property The solutions are and. The solution set is. CONTINUED Check: ? ?? ? true

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #9 Section 8.1 Using the Square Root PropertyEXAMPLE Solve: SOLUTION To solve by the square root property, we isolate the squared expression on one side of the equation. This is the given equation. Divide both sides by 4. Apply the square root property. Subtract 49 from both sides. negative

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #10 Section 8.1 Using the Square Root Property The solutions are 3.5i and -3.5i. The solution set is {3.5i,-3.5i}. CONTINUED Check 3.5i: Check -3.5i: ? ?? ? ?? true

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #11 Section 8.1 Using the Square Root Property Check point 2 Solve: SOLUTION Isolate the squared expression on one side of the equation. Divide both sides by 3. Apply the square root property. Add 11 from both sides. Rationalize denominators. Skipped in 7.5

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #12 Section 8.1 Using the Square Root Property The solution set is CONTINUED

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #13 Section 8.1 Using the Square Root Property Check point 3 Solve: SOLUTION Isolate the squared expression on one side of the equation. Divide both sides by 4. Apply the square root property. Subtract 9 from both sides.

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #14 Section 8.1 Using the Square Root Property The solution set is CONTINUED

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #15 Section 8.1 Using the Square Root PropertyEXAMPLE Solve by the square root property: SOLUTION This is the given equation. Apply the square root property. Subtract 2 from both sides of each equation. Divide both sides by 3. Rewrite radicands. Simplify. Isolate the squared expression on one side of the equation.

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #16 Section 8.1 Using the Square Root Property Check : CONTINUED The solutions are. The solution set is ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? true

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #17 Section 8.1 Completing the Square If is a binomial, then by adding, which is the square of half the coefficient of x, a perfect square trinomial will result. That is,

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #18 Section 8.1 Completing the SquareEXAMPLE What term should be added to the binomial so that it becomes a perfect square trinomial? Write and factor the trinomial. SOLUTION Add Add 25 to complete the square.

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #19 Section 8.1 Completing the Square Check point 5 What term should be added to the binomial so that it becomes a perfect square trinomial? a. b. c. Add Add 25 to complete the square.

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #20 Section 8.1 Completing the Square Check point 6 on page 568 Solve by completing the square: SOLUTION Add 1 to both sides. Complete the square: Factor and simplify. The solution set is:

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #21 Section 8.1 Completing the Square EXAMPLE (See example 7 on page 568 in textbook.) Solve by completing the square: SOLUTION This is the given equation. Divide both sides by 2. Add 3/2 to both sides. Complete the square: Half of 5/2 is

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #22 Section 8.1 Completing the Square Factor and simplify. CONTINUED Apply the square root property. Split into two equations and subtract 5/4 from both sides of both equations. Simplify. The solutions are, and the solution set is

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #23 Section 8.1 Completing the Square in Application A Formula for Compound Interest Suppose that an amount of money, P, is invested at rate r, compounded annually. In t years, the amount, A, or balance, in the account is given by the formula

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #24 Section 8.1 Completing the Square in Application EXAMPLE: similar to #75 in homework Use the compound interest formula,, to find the annual interest rate r. In 2 years, an investment of $80,000 grows to $101,250. SOLUTION We are given that P (the amount invested) = $80,000 t (the time of the investment) = 2 years A (the amount, or balance, in the account) = $101,250.

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #25 Section 8.1 Completing the Square in Application We are asked to find the annual interest rate, r. We substitute the three given values into the compound interest formula and solve for r. CONTINUED Use the compound interest formula. Substitute the given values. Divide both sides by 80,000. Simplify the fraction. Apply the square root property.

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #26 Section 8.1 Completing the Square in ApplicationCONTINUED Subtract 1 from both sides. Simplify. Because the interest rate cannot be negative, we reject -17/8. Thus, the annual interest rate is 1/8 = = 12.5%. We can check this answer using the formula. If $80,000 is invested for 2 years at 12.5% interest, compounded annually, the balance in the account is

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #27 Section 8.1 Completing the Square in ApplicationCONTINUED Because this is precisely the amount given by the problem’s conditions, the annual interest rate is, indeed, 12.5% compounded annually.

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #28 Section 8.1 Completing the Square in Application Check Point 8 on page similar to #75 in homework Use the compound interest formula,, to find the annual interest rate r. You invested $3000 in an account whose interest is compounded annually. After 2 years, the amount, or balance, in the account is $4320. Find the annual interest rate. SOLUTION Divide both sides by 3,000. Apply the square root property.

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #29 Section 8.1 Completing the Square in ApplicationCONTINUED Subtract 1 from both sides. Simplify. Because the interest rate cannot be negative, we reject Thus, the annual interest rate is 0.2 = 20%.

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #30 Section 8.1 Square Root Property in Application EXAMPLE (similar to #81 in homework) The function models the distance,, in feet, that an object falls in t seconds. Use this function and the square root property to solve Exercise 82 on page 573. A sky diver jumps from an airplane and falls for 3200 feet before opening a parachute. For how many seconds was the diver in a free fall? SOLUTION Note:

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #31 Section 8.1 Square Root Property in ApplicationCONTINUED Square root of both sides Divide both sides by 16. Simplify Disregard -14.1

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #32 Section 8.1 Isosceles Right Triangles Lengths Within Isosceles Right Triangles The length of the hypotenuse of an isosceles right triangle is the length of a leg times a a a

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #33 Section 8.1 Isosceles Right Triangles in ApplicationEXAMPLE: A supporting wire is to be attached to the top of a 70-foot antenna. If the wire must be anchored 70 feet from the base of the antenna, what length of wire is required? SOLUTION Since the supporting wire, the antenna, and a line on the ground between the base of the antenna and the base of the supporting wire form an isosceles right triangle as shown below, supporting wireantenna

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #34 Section 8.1 Isosceles Right Triangles in Application this implies that the diagram can be represented as follows, using the “lengths within isosceles right triangles” principle. supporting wireantenna CONTINUED 70 ft. Therefore the supporting wire must be 70 feet which equals about 99 ft.

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #35 Section 8.1 Pythagorean Theorem and the square root property in Application EXAMPLE:similar to #83 and #85 in homework Number 84 on page 573. A rectangular park is 4 miles long and 2 miles wide. How long is a pedestrian route that runs diagonally across the park? SOLUTION

Blitzer, Intermediate Algebra, 5e – Slide #36 Section 8.1 In Summary… Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square 1.If the coefficient of the second degree term is not 1, divide both sides by this coefficient 2.Isolate variable terms on one side 3.Complete the square by adding the square of half the coefficient of x to both sides 4.Factor the perfect square trinomial 5.Solve by applying the square root property

DONE

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley The relationships among the various sets of numbers.