The Roaring 20’s

US Population Growth people moved to cities because of industry and ‘consumerism’ population now more urban than rural The Great Migration: African Americans moved North

The Results of WWI Red Scare – fear of radicals, Communists, and Socialism Immigration restricted Post-war labor strikes –due to demobilization – peace time after war KKK grew –hated blacks, Jews, Catholics, & Darwinists

Immigration nativism – opposition to immigration; distinguishes between Americans who were born here and immigrants 1921 Emergency Quota Act – fed. law that limited annual # of immigrants 1924 National Origins Act (a.k.a. Immigration Act) – more strict fed. law that limited # of immigrants who could be admitted from any country GOAL  restrict Europeans & Asians

The Red Scare feared communism & socialism would spread from Russia to U.S. will arise again during post-WWII & the Cold War

Sacco & Vanzetti Italian born Americans = tried, convicted, & executed for “armed robbery & murder”; evidence didn’t match up, but didn’t matter (foreigners and anarchists) Xenophobia – fear of what is foreign (especially people)

KKK opposed immigration by mid-1920’s, there were 5 million members influenced politics & elections

Post War Labor Strikes 4.5 million returning soldiers needed jobs War materials no longer needed, neither their employees  UNEMPLOYMENT! Labor strikes: –shorter hours & more pay

A Changing Society women urban life (industrial life) prohibition music & art

Women –19 th amendment – gave women the right to vote women got the right to vote because of the war (they worked the jobs for the boys why they were away) –education (college attendance) –flappers

Prohibition 18 th amendment – made it illegal to produce or sell alcohol enforcement very hard illegal alcohol made from perfume & paint speakeasies – secret, illegal clubs serving alcohol bootleggers – people who smuggled it into the U.S. making alcohol: –Legal business  CRIMINAL work –Al Capone 21 st amendment – ended prohibition

Scopes Trial John T. Scopes – teacher who taught Darwinism & evolution William Jennings Bryan – “Bible expert” for prosecution & presidential candidate; did not succeed Clarence Darrow – famous criminal attorney –A–ACLU defends Scopes Evolution vs. Creation – divided public opinion fundamentalism vs. modernism –f–fundamentalism – strict following of the Bible –m–modernism – idea of the power of the human being

Clarence Darrow & William Jennings Bryan

Music – Jazz Age developed in the south expressed the difficulties that blacks faced during slavery as blacks moved north, they took this with them W.C. Handy – the father of the blues Bessie Smith – Empress of the Blues Louis Armsrong – innovative jazz musician (solos); most famous

The Harlem Renaissance Harlem, NY – the largest black community/ rise in African American culture the renaissance – a period of black artistic accomplishment –Langston Hughes – author –Zora Hurston – author –James Weldon Johnson – poet Blacks were free but segregated

Industry Henry Ford & Model T –lowered the price of the automobile –by using the assembly line assembly line – a system of machines that moved products “down the line” –cut time of assembly

A Consumer Culture Business Booms! new products to enjoy (ex. car, washing machine, vacuums, refrigerators) bought through installment plans –“Ride Now, Pay Later” advertising increase (radio, magazines, newspapers)

Farmers war led to increase in demand & prices –h–had to feed the troops peace time led to overproduction & low prices (competition)  not prosperous

World News European Union being developed Hong Kong – dependent territory of UK from Africa – Britain, France, Germany all colonized Africa (took over native’s lands)