General Overview by Dr. Barbara B. Tillett Chief, Policy and Standards Division Library of Congress For Texas Library Association Conference April 12, 2011

2 2 Overview Influences on RDA Changing environment Why not AACR3? RDA goals and structure Examples of changes

3 3 Influences Anglo-American cataloging tradition Paris Principles ISBD FRBR/FRAD Internet Toronto Conference 1997 IME ICC  ICP Web environment collaborations

4 Influences Panizzi – 1841 (“91 rules”) Not just finding list/inventory Full and complete data Collocation by authors References

5 Influences – Cutter ( eds.) Objects:  Find author, title, subject  Show given author, given subject, kind of literature  Assist in choice edition, literary of topical character

IFLA’s Influence on Cataloguing Codes 1961 “Paris Principles” (influenced by Lubetzky and Verona)

International Cataloguing Principles (ICP) Principles & Glossary  20 languages  ations/statement-of- international-cataloguing- principles ations/statement-of- international-cataloguing- principles 7

8 Anglo-American Tradition

More of IFLA’s Influence 1969 – ISBDs International Standard Bibliographic Description 2007 Consolidated edition 8

AACR2 1978

11 FRBR IFLA’s Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) User tasks  Find  Identify  Select  Obtain Entities, Relationships, Attributes Mandatory elements for a national level bibliographic record

FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model Entities Relationships Attributes (data elements) User tasks National level required elements relationship One EntityAnother Entity 12

FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model created ShakespeareHamlet was created by Person Work 13

FRBR Entities Group 1: Products of intellectual & artistic endeavor = bibliographic resources  Work  Expression  Manifestation  Item 14

Work Expression Manifestation Item is realized through is embodied in is exemplified by recursive one many Group 1 15

Elements to Describe Resources Work  ID  Title  Date  etc. Expression  ID  Form  Date  Language  etc. Manifestation  ID  Title  Statement of responsibility  Edition  Imprint (place, publisher, date)  Form/extent of carrier  Terms of availability  Mode of access  etc. Item  ID  Provenance  Location  etc. 16

Relationships Inherent among the Group 1 entities Content relationships among works/expressions Structural relationships Work Expression Manifestation Item Whole-Part Accompanying Sequential Derivative 17

FRBR Entities Group 2: Those responsible for Group 1 entities intellectual or artistic creation realization of works production/publishing/ distribution/manufacture custodial responsibility, Or are the subject of works  Person  Corporate body  Family 21

Work Expression Manifestation Item Group 2 many is owned by is produced by is realized by is created by FRBR Person Corporate Body Family 22

FRBR Entities Group 3: Subjects of works  Groups 1 & 2 plus  Concept  Object  Event  Place 20

Work Group 3 many has as subject Expression Manifestation Item Person Corporate Body Work Concept Object Event Place has as subject FRBR Family 21

“User Tasks” - FRBR Find (locate and collocate) Identify Select Obtain Relate/Navigate 22

June 2009 Extends the FRBR model to authority data (Still to come is FRSAD on subject authority data) Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD) 27

British Museum 1841 (“full and accurate” book catalog) ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL). Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas. Burgos, o Another copy. The same. Ital. Venetia, o Another copy. Tractado en loor de las mugeres. Venetia, o 24

British Museum 1841 (“full and accurate” book catalog) ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL). Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas. Burgos, o Another copy. The same. Ital. Venetia, o Another copy. Tractado en loor de las mugeres. Venetia, o Person WorkExpressionManifestationItem 25

LC Control No.: LCCN Permalink: Type of Material:Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name:Shakespeare, William, Shakespeare, William, Main Title:... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created:[Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description:2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER:PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1PR2779.H3 G5 -- Request in:Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. French. 26

LC Control No.: LCCN Permalink: Type of Material:Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name:Shakespeare, William, Shakespeare, William, Main Title:... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created:[Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description:2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER:PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1PR2779.H3 G5 -- Request in:Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. French. Work 27 Person

LC Control No.: LCCN Permalink: Type of Material:Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name:Shakespeare, William, Shakespeare, William, Main Title:... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created:[Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description:2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER:PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1PR2779.H3 G5 -- Request in:Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. French. Expression 28

LC Control No.: LCCN Permalink: Type of Material:Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name:Shakespeare, William, Shakespeare, William, Main Title:... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created:[Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description:2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER:PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1PR2779.H3 G5 -- Request in:Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. French. Manifestation 29

LC Control No.: LCCN Permalink: Type of Material:Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name:Shakespeare, William, Shakespeare, William, Main Title:... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created:[Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description:2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER:PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1PR2779.H3 G5 -- Request in:Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. French. Item 30

Collocation Don Quixote Madrid, 1979 English Spanish French German Cervantes Library of Congress Copy 1 Green leather binding Exemplary novels Text Objectives of a catalog: display 31 All the works associated with a person, etc. All the expressions of the same work All the manifestations of the same expression All items/copies of the same manifestation

Don Quixote Madrid, 1979 English Spanish French German Cervantes Library of Congress Copy 1 Green leather binding Exemplary novels Wasserman The Man of La Mancha Text Movies … Derivative works Subject 32 Relationships Pathways to Related Works Author of

For Librarians Collocation Better organization to catalog Easier cataloging Reduction in cataloging load Work only cataloged once for all expressions under it Expression only cataloged once for all manifestations under it Item cataloging (already simple) remains the same FRBR Benefits

Greater Benefits For Users Collocation Easier to find information Single search retrieves all related materials even if cataloged in different languages or different subject headings Easier to see the different expressions of a single work Gives a better global picture Easier to find all manifestations FRBR Benefits

Circulation: Place holds at “Work” or “Expression” level rather than only at manifestation level FRBR Benefits

36 Internet Catalogs are no longer the end points in isolation  Global access to data Integrate bibliographic data with wider Internet environment  Share data beyond institutions

Internet “Cloud” Web front end Services VIAF Databases, Repositories LCSH 37

38 Current Cataloging Environment Web-based Wide range of information carriers  complexity of content Metadata (bibliographic information)  Created by a wider range of personnel in and outside libraries  Element-based metadata schemas Dublin Core, ONIX, etc.

39 What’s wrong with AACR? Increasingly complex Lack of logical structure Mixing content and carrier data Hierarchical relationships missing Anglo-American centric viewpoint Written before FRBR Not enough support for collocation Before Internet and well-formed metadata Based on slide from Ann Chapman, UKOLN

International Conference on the Principles and Future Development of AACR Toronto, Canada JSC invited worldwide experts Issues leading to RDA Principles Content vs. carrier Logical structure of AACR Seriality Internationalization

41 AACR3

42 IFLA - Principles, Conceptual models, ISBD/ISSN ONIX (Publishers) – types of content, media, carriers Dublin Core, IEEE/LOM, Semantic Web, W3C “Data Modeling Meeting” - London 2007 RDA/MARC Working Group (MARBI) JSC Collaborations with other Metadata Communities

43 Other Collaborations Law Library community  Treaties Hebraica and Religion Teams at LC  Bible proposals Mss/Archives experts at LC (Mss. Div., NUCMC, American Folklife Center, Rare Books)  DACS Music Div and Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Div., MLA  AMIM2 and Ch.6 proposals for music Prints & Photographs Division  CCO Geography and Maps Divisions at LC

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45 GOALS: RDA will be … A new standard for resource description and access Designed for the digital world Optimized for use as an online product Description and access of all resources All types of content and media Resulting records usable in the digital environment (Internet, Web OPACs, etc.)

46 RDA – The Goals Rules should be easy to use and interpret Be applicable to an online, networked environment Provide effective bibliographic control for all types of media Encourage use beyond the library community Be compatible with other similar standards Have a logical structure based on internationally agreed principles Separate content and carrier data Examples – more of them, more appropriate slide Ann Chapman, UKOLN

48 RDA Structure General introduction Identifying (Entities and their attributes)  Manifestations and Items  Works and Expressions  Persons, Corporate Bodies, Families, etc. Relationships  Appendices Capitalization, Abbreviations, Initial articles, etc. Presentation (ISBD, MARC, etc.) Relationship designators Etc.  Glossary  Index

49 General Principles (ICP) Convenience of user Representation Common usage Accuracy Sufficiency and necessity Significance Economy Consistency and Standardization Integration Defensible, not arbitrary If contradict, take a defensible, practical solution.

50 Transcription – Principle of Representation in RDA “Take what you see”  Correction of inaccuracies elsewhere  No more abbreviating Accept what you get  Facilitating automated data capture

51 Sample Changes from AACR2 Transcribed data (macros and templates)  Option to keep rule of 3 e.g., “[and five others]” – no more “… et. al.”  First place of publication is “core”  “Place of publication not identified” – not “s.l.”  “Publisher not identified” – not “s.n.”  “Date of publication not identified”

52 RDA Element Analysis RDA element (domain: manifestation)  Title Title proper Parallel title Other title information Variant title Earlier variant title Later variant title Key title Abbreviated title Devised title element element sub-type 52

53 RDA elements “Core” Media, Carrier, and Content Types to replace GMDs Other examples of new elements:  File characteristics for digital materials  Video format characteristics  Custodial information for archival resources  Braille characteristics 53

54 New Terminology AACR2 terms Heading Added Entry Authorized heading See references RDA terms Access point Authorized access point Variant access point 54

55 New Terminology AACR2 terms Uniform title RDA terms Preferred title Name of the work (to include name of creator when applicable) 55

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57 Summary User-oriented models (FRBR/FRAD)  Collocate works/expressions  Identify resources through specific elements (attributes) and relationships Internationalization  Cost reduction through increased sharing of data  Across information communities

58 Summary Principle-based rules (ICP)  Cataloger’s judgment (Best for users)  Take what you see for transcribed data (Representation) Facilitate harvesting and sharing of descriptive metadata  Less rigid, more flexible Add controlled vocabularies for precision of searching

59 Questions?

Acronyms and Links DC – Dublin Core DCMI – Dublin Core Metadata Initiative DCAM – Dublin Core Abstract Model FRAD – Functional Requirements for Authority Data FRBR – Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (this site includes a Webliography) IFLA – International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions JSC – Joint Steering Committee for Development of RDA RDA – Resource Description and Access 60

Acronyms and Links ALA Publishing URL for RDA Toolkit: RDA Toolkit demo: US RDA Test, General information: Library of Congress Documentation for the RDA Test (training materials and decisions for test on RDA options):

Attributes – Elements/data to identify an entity (e.g., title; place of publication; date of publication; etc.) Carrier types – categories of the kinds of packages to convey information (e.g., volume, microfiche, videocassette, globe) Content types (e.g., text, image, sound, cartographic content, notated movement) Media types (e.g., audio, video, unmediated) Terms 62