MODIS Fire Products Status MODIS Fire Team MODLAND Meeting July 2003

Overview Product status Product status Validation status Validation status Documentation status Documentation status Proposed C5 changes Proposed C5 changes

The MODIS Fire Products Active Fire Products Active Fire Products In productionIn production MOD14, MOD14A1, MOD14A2, etc.MOD14, MOD14A1, MOD14A2, etc. Burned Area Product Burned Area Product Produced internally at SCFProduced internally at SCF Algorithm currently being tested for different regions – emphasis on product validationAlgorithm currently being tested for different regions – emphasis on product validation Dialogue with related international development efforts through GOFC/GOLD-FireDialogue with related international development efforts through GOFC/GOLD-Fire

Active Fire Products (MOD14)

Product Status Both Terra C4 and Aqua C3 fire products are in good shape Both Terra C4 and Aqua C3 fire products are in good shape Initial Aqua problems associated with gain settings now resolved by MCSTInitial Aqua problems associated with gain settings now resolved by MCST CMG fire product (.25 degree) being evaluated plans for product to be released by SCF by end of 2003 CMG fire product (.25 degree) being evaluated plans for product to be released by SCF by end of 2003 Product tailored to user needs – multiple formatsProduct tailored to user needs – multiple formats

CMG Example I

CMG Example II

Active Fire Validation: Status I ASTER imagery used to validate the Terra L2 fire product in Southern Africa, Amazon, and Boreal sites ASTER imagery used to validate the Terra L2 fire product in Southern Africa, Amazon, and Boreal sites Developing automated procedure to generate ASTER fire masks (requires ASTER cloud detection) to facilitate Stage 2 validation Developing automated procedure to generate ASTER fire masks (requires ASTER cloud detection) to facilitate Stage 2 validation Global sample being compiled from ASTER archive Global sample being compiled from ASTER archive

Active Fire Validation with ASTER

Active Fire Validation: Status II Collaborations with science community and data providers Collaborations with science community and data providers January 2003 LBA field campaignJanuary 2003 LBA field campaign Acquired minimum-gain ASTER observations (reduce saturation) Acquired minimum-gain ASTER observations (reduce saturation) Coincident aircraft observations Coincident aircraft observations Second campaign to occur later this year Second campaign to occur later this year Prescribed burn data in South Africa (Kruger National Park)Prescribed burn data in South Africa (Kruger National Park) Minimum-gain ASTER acquisition planned Minimum-gain ASTER acquisition planned

Active Fire Validation: Status III Collaboration with Ukrainian researchersCollaboration with Ukrainian researchers In situ fire observations In situ fire observations Industrial hot-spot database Industrial hot-spot database Analyzing data from Russian Ariel Forest Protection ServiceAnalyzing data from Russian Ariel Forest Protection Service

Russia: aircraft data (Avialesookhrana) Northern Eurasian GOFC/GOLD regional fire network Northern Eurasian GOFC/GOLD regional fire network Northern Eurasian Earth Science Partnership Initiative (NASA/RAS) Northern Eurasian Earth Science Partnership Initiative (NASA/RAS) NASA New Investigator in Earth Science program NASA New Investigator in Earth Science program

Ukraine Об'єднання,Держлісгосп,Дата часДата, час Остаточн а ліквідаціїплоща га управління, підприємство ДЛМГвиявленняліквідаціїзагальнав т.ч. верхового АР КримЯлтинський ХерсонлісГолопристанський ХерсонлісЗбур'ївське ХерсонлісВеликокопанівський ХерсонлісЦюрупинський30,04,0201,05, ХерсонлісГолопристанський ХерсонлісГолопристанський in-situ data industrial hotspots

Active Fire Validation: Plans Continue validation with other GOFC/GOLD partners Continue validation with other GOFC/GOLD partners SE AsiaSE Asia MexicoMexico AustraliaAustralia Stage 2 validation completed through recompete Stage 2 validation completed through recompete More sites needed to assess algorithm performance globallyMore sites needed to assess algorithm performance globally More extensive use of BIRD data for accuracy characterization (fire size assessment) More extensive use of BIRD data for accuracy characterization (fire size assessment) Aqua Validation Aqua Validation Stage 1 validation (selected locations and opportunities)Stage 1 validation (selected locations and opportunities) Stage 2 assessment - will tie to Terra validation and compare to Terra distributionsStage 2 assessment - will tie to Terra validation and compare to Terra distributions

Documentation Status Completed major overhaul of MODIS Fire web site Completed major overhaul of MODIS Fire web site User Guide – update underway associated with CMG distribution User Guide – update underway associated with CMG distribution ATBD - no plans to update – more recent peer reviewed papers provide update ATBD - no plans to update – more recent peer reviewed papers provide update Details of revised detection algorithm described in forthcoming RSE paper Details of revised detection algorithm described in forthcoming RSE paper

Proposed C5 Changes Correct minor bug in L2 fire code Correct minor bug in L2 fire code Fixed in 4.3.2; MODAPS running 4.3.0Fixed in 4.3.2; MODAPS running Need improved water mask Need improved water mask Include additional data layers in L3 daily fire product (MOD14A1) Include additional data layers in L3 daily fire product (MOD14A1)

RR Systems: Active Fire Running stand alone (non-ECS) code Running stand alone (non-ECS) code Same detection algorithmSame detection algorithm Code distributed to DB user communityCode distributed to DB user community SCF data distribution SCF data distribution NRT RR fire locations – text filesNRT RR fire locations – text files Encouraging feedback on algorithm performanceEncouraging feedback on algorithm performance Fire/GIS User oriented Web MapsFire/GIS User oriented Web Maps Outreach with international partners GOFC/GOLDOutreach with international partners GOFC/GOLD

Burned Area Product

Product Status A proposed C5 product to map the 500m location and approximate date of burning A proposed C5 product to map the 500m location and approximate date of burning Algorithm initially developed for Southern Africa Algorithm initially developed for Southern Africa uses daily Terra MOD09 L2G as inputuses daily Terra MOD09 L2G as input being adapted & coded for global application (regional testing: Australia, Siberia, Amazon)being adapted & coded for global application (regional testing: Australia, Siberia, Amazon) MODAPS code will use AQUA & Terra MOD09 L2G as inputMODAPS code will use AQUA & Terra MOD09 L2G as input

Model BRDF over moving window (t-N W to t) Model BRDF over moving window (t-N W to t) Predict BRDF of next observation (t+1) Predict BRDF of next observation (t+1) Predict uncertainty in model result Predict uncertainty in model result Compute Z-score Compute Z-score I.e., Z-score = predicted - observed reflectance / (model + observation uncertainty) Threshold Z-score time series Threshold Z-score time series Apply temporal and spectral consistency constraints to reject Apply temporal and spectral consistency constraints to reject noisy pixelsnoisy pixels sub-pixel cloud & shadowssub-pixel cloud & shadows changes not due to burningchanges not due to burning A backup algorithm based on thresholding VI time series has been developed A backup algorithm based on thresholding VI time series has been developed View zenith BRDF Algorithm: multi-temporal BRDF-based change detection

Southern Africa 500m burned areas Time: 60 Days (June – August 2001) Scale: 1 degree grid lines Northern Angola & Democratic Republic of Congo (border = red line) MODIS Terra

Time: 60 Days (June – August 2001) Scale: 1 degree grid lines Northern Angola & Democratic Republic of Congo (border = red line) MODIS Terra Southern Africa 1km active fire detections

Northern Australia 500m burned areas Time: 90 Days (July – October 2001) Scale: 1200*1200km (MODIS tile h30v10) MODIS Terra

Northern Australia 1km active fire detections Time: 90 Days (July – October 2001) Scale: 1200*1200km (MODIS tile h30v10) MODIS Terra

Burned Area product Validation Validation linked to regional GOFC-Fire networks Validation linked to regional GOFC-Fire networks Approximately 28 ETM+ scenes in each of 2000, 2001, 2002 used to derive independent burned area data following a regional Southern Africa Fire Network (SAFNet) protocol Approximately 28 ETM+ scenes in each of 2000, 2001, 2002 used to derive independent burned area data following a regional Southern Africa Fire Network (SAFNet) protocol => multi-year Stage 2 southern Africa validation Similar, planned for Australia, Siberia & Amazon (perhaps use ASTER rather than ETM+ given current ETM+ acquisition problems) – collaboration with related projects Similar, planned for Australia, Siberia & Amazon (perhaps use ASTER rather than ETM+ given current ETM+ acquisition problems) – collaboration with related projects

Southern Africa validation sites, two date Landsat ETM+ distributed from dry savanna to wet miombo woodland (quantify product accuracy over range of representative biomass burning conditions) 2000 annual precipitation TRMM 1º data (blue 1500mm) MODIS 1km land cover product

Results: MODIS 500m burned area product & Landsat ETM+ independent burned area validation Okavango delta, Botswana, 2001 Colored pixels = burned areas detected by MODIS in 105 day period 20 July to 1 Nov. (rainbow color scale to indicate the approximate day of burning, black no burning, white not be mapped due to missing MODIS data or persistent cloud). Red vectors = burned areas mapped following SAFNet validation protocol between two ETM+ acquisitions sensed 6 August and 23 September.

Results: MODIS 500m burned area product & Landsat ETM+ independent burned area validation Okavango delta, Botswana, 2001 Colored pixels = burned areas detected by MODIS in 105 day period 20 July to 1 Nov. (red= burned area detected within the ETM+ acquisition period, blue = burned areas detected before or after the ETM+ acquisition period). White vectors = burned areas mapped following SAFNet validation protocol between two ETM+ acquisitions sensed 6 August and 23 September.