CITATIONS: HOW TO CITE WITHIN A RESEARCH PAPER By: Mr. Ochoa

WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?  "The action or practice of taking someone else's work and passing it off as one's own; literary theft."-Oxford English Dictionary Copying from a website Taking another person’s essay or ideas Copying and pasting Failing to use quotation marks

WHEN DO I NEED TO CITE?  When you use sources that aren't your own original words or ideas, whether you're quoting it or re-writing it, you still need to cite it!

WHAT DO I NOT HAVE TO CITE?  Common Knowledge The U.S. declared independence from Great Britain The sun rises in the east and sets in the west H20 is the chemical formula for water

DIRECT QUOTATIONS  This is when you quote material exactly the way it is in the article.

SAMPLE SENTENCE  According to Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, “Babe Ruth began his pro career in 1914 as a pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles of the International League” (Funk 2).

RULE #1  Rule #1: Reference the source at the beginning of the sentence According to Funk & Wagnalls, Funk & Wagnalls state…. The authors state or the author states…  Notice that there is a comma after you introduce the source  According to Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, “Babe Ruth began his pro career in 1914 as a pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles of the International League” (Funk 2).

RULE #2  Rule #2: Use quotation marks  Notice that the words from the article are in quotations.  The quotations surround all of the words that are not your own  According to Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, “Babe Ruth began his pro career in 1914 as a pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles of the International League” (Funk 2).

RULE #3  Rule #3: Cite your source at the end of the sentence  The first word from the MLA citation should appear in parenthesis  If you have multiple sources with the same first word, use the second word. We have to be able to find it easily on the annotated bibliography. For instance if you might have the following sources Babe Ruth. Legends of Baseball… Babe Ruth. ESPN One would be cited like this (Legends). The other would be cited like this (ESPN).

PARAPHRASE  This is when you put the quotation in to your own words.

RULES #1-#3  Rule #1: Introduce your source  Rule #2: No quotations  Rule #3: Cite your source End your citations when you are done. See sample essay

PARAPHRASE  Exact Quotation: “Babe Ruth began playing baseball when he was a child. A priest at the orphanage helped teach Ruth the fundamentals of the game. Before long, Ruth became a dominant hitter.”  Choose 3-4 key words or phrases. Then, put it into your own words  Ruth was taken in by a priest who turned him into a dominant player (Columbia 34).

BLOCK QUOTING  When you directly cite more than three lines  Indent the long quotation.  In "American Origins of the Writing-across-the-Curriculum Movement," David Russell argues: “Writing has been an issue in American secondary and higher education since papers and examinations came into wide use in the 1870s, eventually driving out formal recitation and oral examination” (Russell 56).

EXTRA RULES  Create an interesting title  You need an attention getter, link, and thesis  Quotations that are longer than 3 lines should be block quoted

YOUR TURN  Read the article  Create a direct quotation.  Create a paraphrase quotation.  Create a block quote.