A+ Guide to Software Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting THIRD EDITION Chapter 6 Managing and Troubleshooting Windows 2000

2A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition You Will Learn… About the Windows NT/2000/XP boot process How to troubleshoot the Windows 2000 boot process How to use maintenance and troubleshooting tools to support Windows 2000

3A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Understanding the Windows NT/2000/XP Boot Process 1. BIOS executes POST 2. BIOS executes the MBR program 3. MBR program executes the OS boot program 4. Boot program executes Ntldr 5. Ntldr changes the processor mode and loads a file system

4A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Understanding the Windows NT/2000/XP Boot Process (continued) 6. Ntldr reads and loads the boot loader menu 7. Ntldr uses Ntdetect.com 8. Ntldr loads the OS and device drivers 9. Ntldr passes control to Ntoskrnl.exe 10. An operating system other than Windows NT/2000/XP is chosen

5A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Files Needed to Boot Windows NT/2000/XP Successfully

6A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Boot.ini file [boot loader] section  Timeout  Default operating system [operating system] section  Path to boot partition of each operating system

7A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Boot.ini File (continued) Entries  Multi (0) – use first IDE controller  Disk (0) – used only when booting from a SCSI hard drive  Rdisk (0) – use first hard drive  Partition (1) – use first partition on the drive

8A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Changing the Boot.ini File 1. Click Start, click Settings, click Control Panel 2. Double-click the System icon 3. Click Advanced tab 4. Click Startup and Recovery button 5. Change settings as desired, click OK

9A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Troubleshooting the Boot Process Try the simple things first Determine at what point in the process system fails Use troubleshooting tools  Advanced Options menu  Recovery Console  Emergency repair disk

10A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Advanced Options Menu Used to diagnose and fix problems booting Windows 2000 Press F8 when starting Windows 2000

11A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Advanced Options Menu (continued)

12A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Safe Mode Boots the OS with a minimum configuration, used for troubleshooting Mouse Keyboard Basic video Mass storage

13A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Safe Mode with Networking Use this option when you are solving a problem with booting and need access to the network

14A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Safe Mode with Command Prompt Does not load a GUI desktop Try this if Safe Mode does not load the OS

15A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Enable Boot Logging Windows 2000 loads normally All files used during load process are recorded to Ntbtlog.txt Use this option to see what did and did not load during boot process

16A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Enable VGA Mode Loads very plain VGA video driver Use this option when the video setting does not allow you to see the screen well enough to fix a bad setting  Corrupted video driver  Bad configuration, such as black font on a black background

17A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Last Known Good Configuration Use this option if the system is configured incorrectly Restores Windows 2000 to the settings of the last successful logon All system setting changes made after the last successful logon are lost

18A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Directory Services Restore Mode (Windows 2000 Domain Controllers Only) Applies only to Windows 2000 domain controllers Used as part of a process to recover from a corrupted Active Directory

19A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Debugging Mode Provides the opportunity to move system logs from a failing system to another computer for evaluation Connection is made via serial port See Windows 2000 Professional Resource Kit for more information

20A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Recovery Console Used when OS does not start properly or hangs during the load Allows repair of damaged registry, system files, or file system on the hard drive Does not use a GUI  Allows access to the FAT16, FAT32, and NTFS file systems Requires Administrator password

21A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Recovery Console (continued) 1. Boot from the Windows 2000 CD or the four startup disks

22A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Recovery Console (continued) 2. Type C to select the “To repair a Windows 2000 installation” option

23A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Recovery Console (continued) 3. Press 1 and then press Enter to select the installation of Windows

24A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Recovery Console (continued) 4. Enter Administrator password and press Enter 5. You now have a command prompt Type Exit to leave the Recovery Console and start Windows 2000

25A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Using the Recovery Console to Restore the Registry  Default  Sam  Security  Software  System Registry consists of five files, stored in %SystemRoot\System32\Config folder

26A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition C:\WINNT\repair\RegBack

27A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Installing the Recovery Console 1. Open a command window 2. Change to the \i386 folder on the Windows 2000 CD-ROM 3. Enter winnt32 /cmdcons 4. Restart computer

28A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Emergency Repair Process Restores system to its state after the Windows 2000 installation All changes made to the registry since installation are lost Uses an Emergency Repair Disk (ERD)  Points to a folder on hard drive where registry was backed up at installation

29A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Creating an ERD 1. Click Start, Programs, Accessories, and System Tools, and then click Backup Select Emergency Repair Disk 2. If you check the box, system backs up the registry 3. Click OK to create disk

30A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Using an ERD to Restore 1. Boot PC from the four Windows 2000 setup disks Select R from the Setup menu 2. Select R from the Windows 2000 Repair Options window 3. Insert the Emergency Repair Disk and follow the instructions

31A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Tools for Maintenance and Troubleshooting Backup tool Windows 2000 Support Tools Windows File Protection (WFP) Computer Management Disk Management Microsoft Management Console (MMC)

32A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Tools for Maintenance and Troubleshooting (continued) Event Viewer Performance monitoring and Optimization  Task Manager  System Monitor Dr. Watson and Memory Dumps Windows Update

33A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Using the Backup Tool to Restore the System State Click Start, Programs, Accessories, System Tools, Backup, then click the Restore tab

34A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows Support Tools Active Directory Administration Tool Active Directory Replication Monitor ADSI Edit Application Compatibility Tool Command Prompt Dependency Walker DiskProbe Global Flags Editor Process Viewer Security Administration Tools SNMP Query Utility Windiff

35A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows Support Tools (continued)

36A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Dependency Walker

37A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows File Protection (WFP) Protects system files (.sys,.dll,.ttf,.fon,.ocs,.exe) from modification Two tools  Background process that notifies WFP when a protected file is modified  SFC (System File Checker) Used during unattended installation Can be used manually from command prompt

38A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Switches for the Sfc.exe Utility

39A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Computer Management  Monitor problems with hardware, software, security  Share folders  View device configurations  Add new device drivers  Start and stop services  Manage server applications Consolidates several administrative tools used by the Administrator to:

40A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Computer Management (continued)

41A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Disk Management Found in Computer Management console Used to create partitions on basic disks or volumes on dynamic disks and to convert a basic disk to a dynamic disk Replaces Fdisk utility found in older Windows OSs

42A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Create a Volume on a Dynamic Disk 1. Right-click an unallocated area, select Create Volume 2. Click Next when Create Volume Wizard launches 3. Select volume type, click Next 4. Specify size, file system, and allocation unit size

43A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Create a Volume

44A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Select Volume Type

45A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Microsoft Management Console Console  Combination of several administrative tools into a single window (e.g., Computer Management, Recovery Console) Snap-ins  Individual tools within the console (e.g., Event Viewer, System Information)

46A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition MMC Snap-ins

47A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition MMC Snap-ins (continued)

48A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Creating a Customized Console 1. Click Start, click Run, enter MMC, click OK 2. Click Console, click Add/Remove Snap-in

49A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Adding a Snap-in to a Console 3. Click Add, select Snap-in, click Add 4. Set parameters, click Finish 5. Click Close Add Standalone Snap-in window

50A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Saving a Customized Console 6. Click Save As 7. Select location, name the file, click Save 8. Click Console, Click Exit

51A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Event Viewer Logs  Application  Security  System Events recorded in system and application logs  Information events  Warning events  Error events

52A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Event Viewer (continued)

53A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Filter Events Right-click a log, select Filter Use these properties as criteria

54A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Log Properties

55A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Performance Monitoring and Optimization 1. Analyze data provided by monitoring tools  Task Manager  System Monitor 2. Determine areas in which performance is below baseline 3. Identify and take steps to correct the problem

56A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Principles for Optimizing Performance Establish a baseline of acceptable performance If you add RAM, increase size of paging file May need to upgrade more than one component

57A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Principles for Optimizing Performance (continued) Applications are assigned priority level, which determines position in queue for CPU resources Upgrading an existing PC is recommended if the cost is less than half of a new system

58A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Task Manager Applications and processes that are running on the computer Performance information for the processor and memory

59A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Accessing Task Manager Press Ctrl+Alt+Del, click Task Manager from the Windows Security window Right-click a blank area on the Taskbar, select Task Manager Press Ctrl+Shift+Esc

60A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Task Manager Applications Tab

61A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Task Manager Performance Tab

62A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Task Manager Performance Tab (continued) Totals frame Physical Memory frame Commit Charge frame Kernel Memory frame

63A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition System Monitor Provides more system performance details than Task Manager Components  Objects (e.g., Memory, Paging File, Processor, Physical Disk)  Instances  Counters

64A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Adding a Counter 1. Double-click Administrative Tools 2. Double-click Performance icon 3. Right-click the pane and select Add Counters

65A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Selecting an Object and Counters 4. Select the desired object 5. Locate desired counter, click Add 6. Click Close

66A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Viewing Counters

67A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Dr. Watson and Memory Dumps Dr. Watson  Debugs errors in applications by recording error events to Drwatson32.log file Memory dump  Saves contents of memory at the time an error halts the system  Dump file is created in the event of a stop error

68A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows Update Uses Microsoft Web site to download patches and fixes to Microsoft OSs and applications Uses ActiveX controls  Scans system  Finds device drivers and system files  Compare these files to the ones on the Windows Update server  Offers to download new versions

69A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Other Important Sources Microsoft Web site at Windows 2000 Professional Resource Kit (Microsoft Press)  CD contains additional Windows 2000 utilities

70A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Summary The Windows NT/2000/XP boot process Troubleshooting the Windows 2000 boot process Using maintenance and troubleshooting tools to support Windows 2000

71A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Lab Work Chapter 14 of your lab book deals with the tools we have discussed above that are used to support and troubleshoot Windows There are five labs in chapter 14 Complete three of these five labs. Turn in a document that specifies which three labs you did together with a brief writeup of the lab explaining what you did.