Civil society and demography in Central and Eastern Europe Imre Kovách Institute of Sociology Hungarian Academy of Sciences

CEE specificities –Late development – special features Scientific (political) debates --- no compromise Social and political technocrats --- ethos of modernisation, Europeanization, liberalisation, market adjustment versus special structural peculiarities ---- civil sphere Bureaucratisation, EU enlargement, generalisation of EU rural development policy --- political mistakes

Notes on CEE rural demography –Rural population: % % in CEE –Over-populated rural –Double rural settlement structure Remote, backward villages – accumulated poverty, rural ghetto Rural areas co-operating with urban economy, society – counter-urbanisation, sub-urbanisation, interaction –Territorial development in new and old member states De-agriculturisation De-peasantisation (poverty is no re-peasantisation) Missing de-ruralisation –Necessity of new CEE development paradigm –Urban and rural based development

The civil rural – rural civil – the end of early 90ies dream – autonomy –civil associations: –proliferation but linked to policy Financial, economical reasons State and local policy control Traditions, weak trust Less economic autonomy Household economy – revival of individual strategies

Example case: Collective Farmers Marketing Initiatives in Post- Socialist Countries TISENKOPFS, KOVÁCH, LOŠŤÁK AND ŠŪMANE Rebuilding Collective Marketing through the Integration of Capitals Overcoming Distrust and Path Dependency of Farmers’ Disorganization The Role of Learning Building Policy Networks Relevance of social factor (capital) in economic action

Civil associations in the new and old EU member states Old member statesNew member states autonomyweaker autonomy private financefinancial subordination multi- networkspolicy relations transforming traditionsquasi traditions collective actions in economyindividual actions in economy co-operation of individualsstate and policy control non –profitfor profit social embeddingelite, intermediate classes trustneeds for rebuilding trust interactive regulationover- and under- regulation Post-modernity and post-materialismPre-modern, modern, post-modern and post-material

Future potentials Networking Learning Capital accumulation Changing rural images and rural – urban relations General projectification new classes (project class) multi-actor power structures