Chapter Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe 14

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Civilization in Eastern Europe I.The Byzantine Empire II.The Split Between Eastern and Western Christianity III.The Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe IV.The Emergence of Kievan Rus

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Byzantine Empire The Power of the Byzantine Empire –Emperor Constantine  4th century C.E., Constantinople  Empire divided Capitals at Rome and Constantinople  Greek language official from 6th century

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Byzantine Empire under Justinian

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Justinian's Achievements Justinian –Attempts reconquest of Italy –Slavs, Persians attack from east –Building projects  Hagia Sophia –Legal codification

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Arab Pressure and the Empire's Defenses Center of empire shifts to east Constant external threats –Arab Muslims –Bulgars  Defeated by Basil II, 11th century

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Byzantine Society and Politics Emperors resemble Chinese rulers –Court ritual –Head of church and state Sophisticated bureaucracy –Open to all classes Provincial governors

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Byzantine Society and Politics Economic control –Regulation of food prices, trade –Silk production Trade network –Asia, Russia, Scandinavia, Europe, Africa Arts –Creativity in architecture

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Split Between Eastern and Western Christianity The Schism –Separate paths –Patriarch Michael  1054, attacks Catholic practice –Mutual excommunication

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Empire's Decline Period of decline from 11th century Seljuk Turks –Take most of Asian provinces –1071, Manzikert  Byzantine defeat Slavic states emerge

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Empire's Decline Appeal to West brings crusaders –1204, Venetian crusaders sack Constantinople 1453, Constantinople taken by Ottoman Turks –1461, empire gone

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Byzantine Empire,

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe Influence through conquest, conversion, trade Cyril, Methodius, to Slavs –Cyrillic script

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The East Central Borderlands Competition from Catholics and Orthodox Greeks Catholics –Czechs, Hungary, Poland –Regional monarchies prevail Jews from western Europe

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Emergence of Kievan Rus' New Patterns of Trade –Slavs from Asia  Iron working, extend agriculture  Mix with earlier populations  Family tribes, villages  Kingdoms  Animistic

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Emergence of Kievan Rus' New Patterns of Trade –6th, 7th centuries  Scandinavian merchants  Trade between Byzantines and the North –c. 855, monarchy under Rurik  Center at Kiev –Vladimir I ( )  Converts to Orthodoxy  Controls church

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert East European Kingdoms and Slavic Expansion, c. 1000

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Institutions and Culture in Kievan Rus' Influenced by Byzantine patterns Orthodox influence –Ornate churches –Icons –Monasticism Art, literature dominated by religion, royalty Free farmers predominant

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Institutions and Culture in Kievan Rus' Boyars, landlords –Less powerful than in the West

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Kievan Decline Decline from 12th century –Rival governments –Succession struggles Asian conquerors Mongols (Tartars) –13th century, take territory –Traditional culture survives

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The End of an Era in Eastern Europe Mongol invasions usher in new period East and West further separated