Coevolution: A change in the genetic composition of one species (or group) in response to a genetic change in another A change in the genetic composition of one species (or group) in response to a genetic change in another Examples: Examples: –Predator/prey (Ex. Lion & Gazelle) –Competitive species (Ex. College Admissions)

Symbiosis: A relationship between 2 or more species where one lives in or on another species. A relationship between 2 or more species where one lives in or on another species. 3 different types. 3 different types.

1. Mutualism: Benefits both species in a relationship. (like when you have mutual respect for someone). Benefits both species in a relationship. (like when you have mutual respect for someone). Example: Aphids and ants Example: Aphids and ants

Legumes and Nitrogen-Fixating Bacteria: Legumes and Nitrogen-Fixating Bacteria: Flowering plants and pollinators: Bacteria live in the roots of certain plants like soy beans. They take nitrogen out of the air and make it usable for the plants. Both benefit from the relationship. Pollinators are given food and The plants are able to reproduce Both benefit from the relationship.

2. Commensalism One partner benefits without any effect to the other. One partner benefits without any effect to the other. Example: Epiphytic plants grow on other plants to reach sunlight. The other plants are not affected by their presence.

3. Parasitism: One species hurts the other species. One species can be killed after a certain amount of time. One species hurts the other species. One species can be killed after a certain amount of time. Example: Human and bacteria infections. Example: Human and bacteria infections.

Under your notes number 1-4 You will answer mutualism, parasitism, or commensalism for the next 4 examples given. Example 1: Example 1: In a marine environment algae can be found living on coral. Algae provides the coral with inorganic nutrients and the coral provides the algae with shelter. In a marine environment algae can be found living on coral. Algae provides the coral with inorganic nutrients and the coral provides the algae with shelter. Mutualism

Example 2: Example 2: Cats can become infested with fleas. The fleas bite and drink the blood of the cat for food. Cats can become infested with fleas. The fleas bite and drink the blood of the cat for food. Parasitism

Some fruits hitch-hike on the fur of animals. This allows the fruit and seeds of the plant to be dispersed around the area. Some fruits hitch-hike on the fur of animals. This allows the fruit and seeds of the plant to be dispersed around the area. Commensalism

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Worksheet Answers: 5. Parasitism 5. Parasitism 6. Commensalism 13. Hunting deer, 6. Commensalism 13. Hunting deer, 14. Pet owners 14. Pet owners 7. Mutualism 15. taking bee honey 7. Mutualism 15. taking bee honey 8. Mutualism 16. viruses, bacteria 8. Mutualism 16. viruses, bacteria 9. Commensalism 17. ants and acacias 9. Commensalism 17. ants and acacias 10. Parasitism 18. epiphytic plants, barnacles 10. Parasitism 18. epiphytic plants, barnacles on whales on whales 11. Parasitism 11. Parasitism 12. Mutualism 12. Mutualism

Exit Ticket Answers: 1. Mutualism: When the bees spread pollen it helps the flowers reproduce. Flowers need pollen to make new seeds. The bees in return get nectar. So both benefit its MUTUAL. 1. Mutualism: When the bees spread pollen it helps the flowers reproduce. Flowers need pollen to make new seeds. The bees in return get nectar. So both benefit its MUTUAL. 2. Parasitism: One species is harmed, the dog, and the heartworms get food from the dog and are able to live and reproduces. Therefore the dog is hurt and the heartworm benefits. 2. Parasitism: One species is harmed, the dog, and the heartworms get food from the dog and are able to live and reproduces. Therefore the dog is hurt and the heartworm benefits. 3. Mutualism: The mites have a place to live and feed and the millipedes are kept clean. There for the relationship is MUTUAL, both benefit. 3. Mutualism: The mites have a place to live and feed and the millipedes are kept clean. There for the relationship is MUTUAL, both benefit.

Word Definition 1.Cooperative Relationship *(like when we cooperate, or when we work with a horse to plow a field) 1. A relationship where species or individuals work together to survive (capture prey, gather food, protection). 2. Competitive Relationships *(like when football teams compete for a championship) 2. A relationship where species or individuals compete for resources such as food, water, land, and mates.

Competitive and Cooperative Relationships: Remember Mutualism, Commensalism, and Parasitism? Remember Mutualism, Commensalism, and Parasitism? Which one represents a cooperative relationship? Which one represents a cooperative relationship?

Think, Pair, Share 1. Write Cooperative on one side of a piece of paper and competitive on the other side. 1. Write Cooperative on one side of a piece of paper and competitive on the other side. 2. Share your answer with the person next to you. 2. Share your answer with the person next to you. 3. Hold the paper up silently for the teacher to see. 3. Hold the paper up silently for the teacher to see. 4. Smile when you get the correct answer! 4. Smile when you get the correct answer!

Competitive or Cooperative? Eagles need a vast amount of area to feed themselves and their young. Due to this when 2 eggs are laid the strongest baby born will kill the other. Eagles need a vast amount of area to feed themselves and their young. Due to this when 2 eggs are laid the strongest baby born will kill the other. Competitive

Competitive or Cooperative A group of monarch butterflies is flying south to the mountains of Mexico for winter. Along the way they stop and feed on milkweed (makes them taste nasty to birds). Another insect, the milkweed beetle, also fees on milkweed in the southern states. What type of relationship? A group of monarch butterflies is flying south to the mountains of Mexico for winter. Along the way they stop and feed on milkweed (makes them taste nasty to birds). Another insect, the milkweed beetle, also fees on milkweed in the southern states. What type of relationship? Competitive

A group of ants live on acacia plants. They provide the plant protection from plant eating animals and in turn receive nectar to eat. What type of relationship? A group of ants live on acacia plants. They provide the plant protection from plant eating animals and in turn receive nectar to eat. What type of relationship? Cooperative

Cooperative or Competitive? In the African Sahara desert the dry season can be devastating for many animals. The water holes can become overcrowded with buffalo, antelope, gazelles, elephants, and giraffes etc. In the African Sahara desert the dry season can be devastating for many animals. The water holes can become overcrowded with buffalo, antelope, gazelles, elephants, and giraffes etc. Competitive

Ws Answers: 2. cooperate with cows for milk, with dogs and cats, with house plants. 2. cooperate with cows for milk, with dogs and cats, with house plants. 3. Cooperative relationships provide animals and plants with a better chance for survival. They are able to get resources such as food, shelter, and protection easier by cooperation. 3. Cooperative relationships provide animals and plants with a better chance for survival. They are able to get resources such as food, shelter, and protection easier by cooperation. 5. Humans compete with almost all animals and plants for land. any animals are being pushed out of their homes due to housing for humans. 5. Humans compete with almost all animals and plants for land. any animals are being pushed out of their homes due to housing for humans Causes: For mates, For food and water, For land 6. 3 Causes: For mates, For food and water, For land

1. Competitive 1. Competitive 2. Cooperative 2. Cooperative 3. Competitive 3. Competitive 4. Competitive 4. Competitive 5. Cooperative 5. Cooperative 6. Competitive 6. Competitive 7. Competitive 7. Competitive

Exit Ticket Answers: 1. Competitive (they are competing for food) 1. Competitive (they are competing for food) 2. Cooperative (They are working together to 2. Cooperative (They are working together to get food) get food) 3. Competitive (They are competing for mates 3. Competitive (They are competing for mates E.C. E.C. 1. Mutualism (they are working together for 1. Mutualism (they are working together for protection) protection) 2. Parasitism (Mosquitoes harm the other species) 2. Parasitism (Mosquitoes harm the other species)

Competitive Relationships Intraspecific: Same species Interspecific: Diffnt species

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Word Definition 1. Intraspecific Competition (within same species) 1.Competition between members of the same species for mates or resources. Example: Two male dragonflies competing for land OR overpopulated deer competing for grass. 2. Int e rspecific Competition (b e tween species) 2. Competition between diffnt species of animals for resources. Example: Humans competing with wild animals for land. A deer and bison competing with each other for grazing land.

Think, Pair, Share 1. Write down the answer silently on your chalkboard 1. Write down the answer silently on your chalkboard 2. Share with the person next to you. 2. Share with the person next to you. 3. Hold up board silently for teacher to see. 3. Hold up board silently for teacher to see. 4. Erase answer and wait silently for next question. 4. Erase answer and wait silently for next question.

Intraspecific or Interspecific? A deer and a bison compete for the same grass during the fall months. A deer and a bison compete for the same grass during the fall months. Interspecific

Intra or Inter? 1. A male lion has a herd of 4 female lions. He is approached and challenged by another male lion for the herd. 1. A male lion has a herd of 4 female lions. He is approached and challenged by another male lion for the herd. Intraspecific

Intra or Inter? 5 bluebirds are nesting in the same are. A Drought hits the area and most of the grubs they feed on die. What type of competition will this result in? 5 bluebirds are nesting in the same are. A Drought hits the area and most of the grubs they feed on die. What type of competition will this result in? Intraspecific

A hippo, elephant, lion, and herd of buffalo are all competing for the same water hole. What type of competition is this? A hippo, elephant, lion, and herd of buffalo are all competing for the same water hole. What type of competition is this? Interspecific

1. Snakes living in the area eat rodents such as mice. Large prey birds such as owls also eat mice. What type of competition? Inter

A species of rabbit has had a boom in its population one year. The grass they feed on has slowly become depleted from the constant eating of the rabbits. What type of competition? A species of rabbit has had a boom in its population one year. The grass they feed on has slowly become depleted from the constant eating of the rabbits. What type of competition? Intra