Geographical names in the Dutch Topographical Maps Nico Bakker Department Research & Development Topografische Dienst

Production overview Aerial Photographs TOP10vector Terrain Reconnaissance Photogrammetry Updated Aerial Photograph orthophoto digitising check TOP10vector

Pencomputer for reconnaissance

Interface (Microstation)

TOP10vector Topographic map 1:25.000

Specifications/Handbook Namenboek Topografische Dienst Handleiding Versie

Explanation 2.1. Preface Sources / general information Use of deviated corps for populated places Spacing of names of populated places Description of quarters of towns and industrial areas Selection of names 2.2 Selection of names of farms or houses 2.3 Local names 2.4 Foreign names 2.5 Depth and depth line figures 2.6 Street names 2.7 Buildings 2.8 Elevation numbers and contour lines 2.9 Low water mark 2.10 Polder name Content Handbook (1)

Sources (1) Current map Name on object or on board List of Dutch municipalities City maps and city guides Navigation documentation Handbook Nature reserves German and Belgian maps

Sources (2) ObjectInformation Name MunicipalityOfficial name by law Place nameMunicipality Field nameMunicipality, local information, owners etc. Polder nameWaterboards CanalNavigation documentation River, stream,Waterboards, local information Road nameMunicipality, local information

3.1 General rules 3.2 Use of van hyphen 3.3 Use of capitals 3.4 Orthography of (farm)houses 3.5 Capitals in names of farms 3.6 Splitting names 3.7 Relation between types the corps 3.8 Frisian toponyms Content Handbook (2) Orthography

Languages Dutch Frisian

Frisian and Dutch names

How to handle the 2 languages

Some translations

Reconnaissance of topographical names (1) 4.1 Reconnaissance 4.2 Preparation Overview of sources Description of information 4.3 Activities during field work 4.4 Documenting the name information Documentation on the register Documentation on the name model

Preparation Documentation (letters, remarks,..) Road documentation Water documentation Old map(s) Foreign maps (border region) Exploring other sources (books, table, lists, etc.) …

4.1 Reconnaissance 4.2 Preparation Overview of sources Description of information 4.3 Activities during field work 4.4 Documenting the name information Documentation on the register Documentation on the name model Reconnaissance of topographical names (2)

Reconnaissance Visiting official authorities (municipalities, water boards, etc.) Names on boards, signs, buildings, …. Street names Local people ….

4.1 Reconnaissance 4.2 Preparation Overview of sources Description of information 4.3 Activities during field work 4.4 Documenting the name information Documentation on the register Documentation on the name model Reconnaissance of van topographical names (3)

Documentation The source of the name is documented: Name of authority, persons, date, etc

Placing the names on the map 5.1General rules 5.1.1Caption 5.1.2Colour of the text 5.1.2Corps of the text 5.1.3Often used text 5.1.4Spacing 5.1.5Superior placing of letters and numbers 5.1.6Abbreviations

Letter family and type

Placing the names on the map 5.1General rules 5.1.1Caption 5.1.2Colour of the text 5.1.2Corps of the text 5.1.3Often used text 5.1.4Spacing 5.1.5Superior placing of letters and numbers 5.1.6Abbreviations

Tabel topographic objects

Abbreviations

Placing the names on the map 5.1General rules 5.1.1Caption 5.1.2Colour of the text 5.1.2Corps of the text 5.1.3Often used text 5.1.4Spacing 5.1.5Superior placing of letters and numbers 5.1.6Abbreviations

Use of colours at different maps 1:25,0001:50,000 1:100,0001:250,000 1:500,000 Blackyes Redyes Blueyes Brownyes Violetyes

Text types CAPITAL Normal Bold Half bold Italic Narrow S p a c e d

Geogr names at different map scales Overview with gazetteer codes

Production flow Preparation Sources research Field work Name documentation Digitising in Microstation Check-plot Correction Publishing maps

Dgn-file txt (1)

Map (1)

Dgn-file txt (2)

Map (2)

Gazetteers

Gazetteer 1:250,000

Gazetteercodes (1)

Gazetteercodes (2)

Development TOP10NL and smaller scales

Topographic basic objects Terrain Building Road segment Water segment Railroad segment Specific terrain element Administrative area Conservation area Geographic areaFunctional area

Topographic basic objects Entity Road segment Railroad segmentl Water segment Building Terrain Ispecial terrain element/construction Administrative area Conservation area Geographic area Functional area

Objects with NAME attribute

Special polygon for geographical names

Object characteristics: wegdeel

Shows attributes of an object

Meta-information for each object