Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 1 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

1.1 The Characteristics of Life

Life exists almost everywhere on the planet Earth.

1.1 The Characteristics of Life Life exists almost everywhere on the planet Earth. Earth possesses a great variety of diverse life forms.

1.1 The Characteristics of Life Life exists almost everywhere on the planet Earth. Earth possesses a great variety of diverse life forms. All living things have certain characteristics in common.

Living Things:

Are organized Acquire materials and energy Reproduce Respond to stimuli Are homeostatic Grow and develop Have the capacity to adapt

Living Things: Are organized Acquire materials and energy Reproduce Respond to stimuli Are homeostatic Grow and develop Have the capacity to adapt

Living Things: Are organized Acquire materials and energy Reproduce Respond to stimuli Are homeostatic Grow and develop Have the capacity to adapt

Living Things: Are organized Acquire materials and energy Reproduce Respond to stimuli Are homeostatic Grow and develop Have the capacity to adapt

Living Things: Are organized Acquire materials and energy Reproduce Respond to stimuli Are homeostatic Grow and develop Have the capacity to adapt

Living Things: Are organized Acquire materials and energy Reproduce Respond to stimuli Are homeostatic Grow and develop Have the capacity to adapt

Living Things: Are organized Acquire materials and energy Reproduce Respond to stimuli Are homeostatic Grow and develop Have the capacity to adapt

1.2 The Classification of Living Things

Living organisms are assigned to groups based upon their similarities.

1.2 The Classification of Living Things Living organisms are assigned to groups based upon their similarities. Systematics is the discipline of indentifying and classifying organisms.

Domains

Domains are the largest classification category.

Domains Domains are the largest classification category. Biologists assign organisms to one of three domains based on biochemical and genetic evidence.

Domain Archaea Archaea are single- celled organisms that lack a membrane- bound nucleus. Archaea can be found in environments that are too hostile for other life forms.

Domain Bacteria Bacteria are single- celled organisms that lack a membrane- bound nucleus. Bacteria are found almost everywhere on the planet Earth.

Domain Eukarya The cells of all eukaryotes have a membrane- bound nucleus. Members of the Domain Eukarya are further categorized into one of four Kingdoms.

Categories of Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Categories of Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Categories of Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Categories of Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Categories of Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Categories of Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Categories of Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Categories of Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Categories of Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Least inclusive Most inclusive

Categories of Classification

Scientific Names

Binomial (two name)

Scientific Names Binomial (two name) –Genus name, species name

Scientific Names Binomial (two name) –Genus name, species name –Examples:

Scientific Names Binomial (two name) –Genus name, species name –Examples: »Homo sapiens »Pisum sativum »Felis domesticus

1.3 The Organization of the Biosphere

Biosphere –The zone of air, land, and water at the surface of the Earth where living organisms are found.

1.3 The Organization of the Biosphere Population (groups of individuals of a species in a given area)

1.3 The Organization of the Biosphere Population Community (populations of different species that interact)

1.3 The Organization of the Biosphere Population Community Ecosystem (interactions of communities plus the physical habitat)

Ecosystems Ecosystems are characterized by:

Ecosystems Ecosystems are characterized by: Chemical cycling

Ecosystems Ecosystems are characterized by: Chemical cycling Energy flow

Ecosystems

The Human Species Humans depend on healthy ecosystems for our own survival.

The Human Species Humans depend on healthy ecosystems for our own survival. The human species modifies ecosystems for own purposes.

The Human Species Humans depend on healthy ecosystems for our own survival. The human species modifies ecosystems for own purposes. Preservation of ecosystems is important to ensure our continued existence.

Biodiversity

Total number of species

Biodiversity Total number of species –The variability in their genes

Biodiversity Total number of species –The variability in their genes »The ecosystems in which they live

A Coral Reef Ecosystem

Ecosystems The Earth may be losing as many as 400 species per day due to human activities.

1.4 The Process of Science

Biology is the scientific study of life.

1.4 The Process of Science Biology is the scientific study of life. The process of science uses the scientific method.

Flow Diagram of the Scientific Method

Scientific Theory

A scientific theory is a concept supported by a broad range of observations, experiments, and conclusions.

Examples of Theories in Biology Cell Homeostasis Gene Ecosystem Evolution

The Process of Science A Controlled Study

Experiments in controlled studies have two types of groups:

The Process of Science A Controlled Study Experiments in controlled studies have two types of groups: Control Group Experimental Group

The Process of Science A Controlled Study Variables –The experimental variable (independent variable) is manipulated by the investigator. All other factors remain identical.

The Process of Science A Controlled Study Variables –The experimental variable (independent variable) is manipulated by the investigator. All other factors remain identical. –The response variable (dependent variable) represents the result of the manipulation of the experimental variable.

An Experiment

HYPOTHESIS: A pigeon pea/winter wheat rotation will cause winter wheat production to increase as well as or better than the use of nitrogen fertilizer.

An Experiment HYPOTHESIS: A sustained pigeon pea/winter wheat rotation will eventually cause an increase in winter wheat production. PREDICTION: Wheat biomass following two years of pigeon pea/winter wheat rotation will surpass wheat biomass following nitrogen fertilizer treatment.

An Experiment

Conclusion: The hypothesis was supported. At the end of two years, the yield of winter wheat following a pigeon pea/winter wheat rotation was better than for the other type pots.

1.5 Science and Social Responsibility

Technology is the application of knowledge for a practical purpose.

1.5 Science and Social Responsibility Technology is the application of knowledge for a practical purpose. Technology has both benefits and drawbacks.

1.5 Science and Social Responsibility Technology is the application of knowledge for a practical purpose. Technology has both benefits and drawbacks. Ethical and moral issues surrounding the use of technology must be decided by everyone.