DROUGHT – SOCIAL PERSPECTIVES 60% of net cultivated area is under rainfed Rainfed areas housing a majority of our rural poor & marginal farmers Major proportion of rainfed areas prone to drought

CHARACTERISTICS OF DROUGHT PRONE AREAS Continuous degradation of land and vanishing green cover Depleting water resources and drinking water problem Decreasing productivity of crop, livestock & human resources Hunger and malnutrition Out-migration of both human & cattle population in times of distress

Probability of occurrence of drought in different meteorological sub-divisions Meteorological subdivisionFrequency of deficient rainfall (75% of normal or less) AssamVery rare, once in 15 years West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Konkan, Bihar and Orissa Once in 5 years South interior Karnataka, Eastern Uttar Pradesh & Vidarbha Once in 4 years Gujarat, East Rajasthan, Western Uttar Pradesh Once in 3 years Tamil Nadu, Jammu & Kashmir and Telengana Once in 2.5 years West RajasthanOnce in 2.5 years

AREA DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES  Integrated Wastelands Development Programme (IWDP)  Drought Prone Areas Programme (DPAP)  Desert Development Programme (DDP)

CRITERIA FOR DIFFERENTIATING AREA DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES P T - E T MOISTURE INDEX ( MI ) = X 100 E T Where MI = Moisture Index P T = Total Precipitation E T = Evapo-Transpiration MIClimate ZoneADP% Area% Irrigation allowed < AridDDP % to –33.3 Semi-AridDPAP % to 0 Dry Sub-HumidDPAP % 0 to Moist Sub-Humid to Humid Per Humid

COVERAGE DPAP covers 972 Blocks in 185 Districts in 16 States A.P. (94), Bihar (30), Chhatisgarh (29), Gujarat (67), HP (10), Jharkhand (100), J&K (22), Karnataka (81), M.P. (105), Maharashtra (149), Orissa (47), Rajasthan (32), Tamilnadu (80), UP (60), Uttaranchal (30), West Bengal (36)

DPAP-OBJECTIVES  To minimize the adverse effects of drought on the production of crops, livestock and productivity of land, water and human resources for drought proofing of the affected areas  To promote the overall economic development and improve the socio-economic condition of the resource poor and disadvantaged sections inhabiting the programme areas.  To take up development works by watershed approach for land development, water resource development and afforestation/pasture development.

WATERSHED PROJECTS AIM AT  RAISING GROUND-WATER TABLE  IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY OF DEGRADED / WASTELANDS  PREVENTING LAND DEGRADATION  CONSERVING ECO-FRAGILE LANDS  INCREASING FUEL, FOOD & FODDER  IMPROVING RURAL ECONOMY

Activities undertaken in Watershed Programmes  Land Development including in-situ soil and moisture conservation measures like contour and graded bunds fortified by vegetation, bench terracing in hilly terrain.  Drainage line treatment with a combination of vegetative and engineering structures.  Development of small water harvesting structures such as low-cost farm ponds, nalla bunds, check- dams and percolation tanks.  Nursery raising for fodder, timber, fuel wood and horticultural species.

 Afforestation including block plantations, shelter belts, sand dune stabilisation, etc.  Agro-forestry and horticultural development.  Pasture development either by itself or in conjunction with plantations.  Repair, restoration and upgradation of existing common property assets  Basic surveys such as contour survey, hydrological survey etc.  Setting up revolving fund not exceeding Rs.1 lakh to be given as seed money to SHGs at a rate not exceeding Rs.10,000 per SHG for undertaking income generating activities. Activities undertaken in Watershed Programmes (contd…)

FUNDING PATTERN - DPAP UNIT COST Rs. 6000/ha. 75%Central Share 25%State Share Micro watershed size : 500 Ha.

14 STATUS OF DPAP Name of the Programme Projects sanctioned Area covered (in lakh ha.) Total Cost (Rs.in Crore) Funds released (central share) as on (Rs. in crores) DPAP

IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDIES OF PROGRAMMES MAJOR FINDINGS  Improvement in ground water level, cultivated area and productivity of Land  Decrease in soil erosion, runoff loss and silting of ponds, tanks and dams  Increase in availability of fodder, milk production, fuel and employment  Improvement in overall socio-economic status of rural people living in/around watershed areas

SUCCESS STORIES DPAP Project in Khandwa District of Madhya Pradesh Project period: to Area : 523 ha. Location : Dantha Village in Khandwa District Activities:  Total water management approach adopted through ridge to valley treatment  A series of drainage-line earthen checks and continuous contour trenches, field bandhs and kundis were made which do not allow water to flow more than 10m. Even if there is a rainfall of 20cm in a day. Impact:  All the 46 existing dugwells had water throughout the year and 102 new dugwells were constructed.  The water table rose by feet providing enough water for rabi crop  The water availability in the village increased from 12.5 hect-metre to 305 hect-metre.  The cultivable area gone up from 300 ha. to 421 ha. and the productivity from quintals to quintals per ha.  The no. of milch cattle increased by 100%.

“Watershed Villages” Were Seen To Have Developed Sufficient Drought Sustenance Capacity