VUCIRO 3 A Balloon Project by: Team Tartive

Group Members Christopher Zanca:  Project Management  Software  Electrical Design Rachael Drella:  Science and Software Daniel Bryant:  Payload Design and Construction Daniel Kirkland:  Construction and Thermal Design

Table of Contents  Objectives  Science  Design  Ozone Sensor  UV-c Sensor  Box Design  Thermal Design  Principle of Operation  Payload Development  Testing  Cold Testing  Vacuum Testing  Flight Preparations  Flight Requirements and Operations  Data Acquisition and Analysis Plan  Work Break Down Structure  Timeline and Milestones

Objectives  To set up ozone and UV-c sensors to determine if UV-c exists prior to the ozone layer of the Earth’s atmosphere  To accurately measure aspects of the green house effect and global warming

Science Goals  In the atmosphere, one ozone molecule is among ten million other molecules. Most of the ozone (90%) resides in the stratosphere, which is 10 kilometers above Earth. The other 10% resides in the troposphere. In the Stratosphere, ozone absorbs UV light. Ozone then releases heat from the energy gained from the radiation.  The wavelength of UV radiation is nanometers, shorter than that of visible light and longer than X-rays. It is further divided into three types: UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C. UV-A and, to a much lesser extent, UV-B penetrate the ozone layer while UV-C rays are completely absorbed by ozone and by normal diatomic oxygen molecules, luck for us considering that UV-C is deadly. Of course the health risks and benefits of exposure to all ultraviolet radiation are well documented but UV-C is by far the most harmful. It is because of these unique properties of UV-C that we have a propose to measure it.

Design The major components of our payload include an ozone sensor, a UV-C sensor, protection against climate (foam padding), and a circuit board, which will collect data.

Ozone Sensor From Eco sensors. cost: $299.99

UV-c Sensor No picture available From Boston Electronics Cost: $35

Box Design Bottom of BoxSide of Box Remaining sides of Box

Thermal Design Being that our sensors are projected to be exposed to temperatures as low as -60(degrees) Fahrenheit, certain modifications for the thermal insulation and calibration will have to be instituted to insure proper data collection. Our foam particle board construction material for the outer payload walls affords us some insulation, so heating pads that have been manufactured to specifications for use as hand warmers will be used to maintain an approximately constant temperature range. Also because each of our sensors has to be mounted externally for accurate data acquisition, we will place the heating pads between our inner and outer boxes so that the heat can be as close to the sensors that so desperately need the higher temperatures to accurately operate.

Principle of Operation The payload will measure ozone at set intervals of time in Seconds The payload will also measure the amount of UV-C rays coming through the ozone at set intervals of time in seconds. All sensors will be placed on the outside of the payload box to properly measure ozone and UV-C rays. Also, a circuit board with a data logging system installed will be connected to the sensors. Once the box returns, the data will then be transferred onto a computer where a graph of the measurements will be created using the data that is displayed. All sensors will be placed on the outside of the payload box to properly measure ozone and UV-C rays. Also, a circuit board with a data logging system installed will be connected to the sensors. Once the box returns, the data will then be transferred onto a computer where a graph of the measurements will be created using the data that is displayed.

Payload Development With the outside box already constructed, the team made necessary modifications to it in order to account for the sensors. For instance, the UV sensor needed to access the sunlight as did the ozone sensor need exposure to the outside air. To allow the UV sensor to gather light, and keep it within its operating temperature range, we are going to place a heating pad near to the sensor. There will be a hole in the box where the UV-c sensor will be placed. The hole will be just big enough for the top of the UV-c sensor to be exposed to the outside light. The Ozone sensor will also have a hole in the box just big enough for the sensor. Calibrations for the ADC were required due to the range of voltage output from the UV-c sensor. Using a 741 op amp as a buffer and a amp to help buff the signal as well as make it stronger so that the ADC will be able to accurately read the voltage coming form the sensor.

Testing  Cold Test  Vacuum Test

Cold Testing  We cold tested the Batteries and the Ozone sensor to ensure that they both worked at the low temperatures.  Our tests showed that both the ozone sensor, UV-c sensor and Batteries worked at the low temperatures we are expecting.

Vacuum Test  The vacuum test was to ensure that the seals on the payload, and the sensors does not default, or fail.

Flight Preparations The only necessary actions taken to prepare for launch will be:  Attach Sensor’s Leads to Sockets  Start Program  Activate Hand Warmers  Close and Seal the box  Attach to the Balloon

Flight Requirements and Operations  The requirements that will ensure a successful flight will include all components staying within their respective operating temperatures, the battery constantly producing the needed power for the software run and the sensors to be operational, and the data of time vs. altitude and time vs. temperature

Data Acquisition and Analysis Plan  All data from the flight will be recorded on the EEPROM chip that will be located on the main Balloon Sat circuit board. Care has been taken to ensure that the EEPROM is sufficient for this job. Because all data is stored inside the payload it self, the payload will have to be recovered after the flight is completed. The balloon sat circuit board will be connected via a serial connector to a laptop. The Basic Stamp program will be run, and then power will be supplied to the balloon sat circuit board. Doing the data recovery in this order will ensure that the program doesn’t rerun after power is supplied and write over existing data. A program the reads the data to the debug screen will be run after all components are connected. After all data is displayed on the debug screen it will be highlighted and copied to a text file. From the text file the data will be sorted in Excel and the resulting graphs will be produced. These graphs include: Altitude vs. Ozone, Altitude vs. UV-c, and Ozone vs. UV-c.

Work Break Down Structure 1. Management 1.1Project ManagementCZ 1.2Schedule ManagementCZ 1.3PartsRD 1.4ConstructionDK 1.5ElectronicsCZ 1.6DocumentsCZ 1.7FeasibilityCZ

2. Science 2.1Research BackgroundRD DK DB CZ 2.2Research Available DataDB DK 3. Electronics 3.1Circuit Board InterfaceCZ 3.1.1Sensor InterfacingDB 3.1.2EEPROM and Data ControlCZ 3.1.3PowerCZ 3.2Sensor TestingDB 4. Construction 4.1Box ConstructionDK DB

5. Testing 5.1Impact TestCZ 5.2Sensor Test/ Temperature and FunctionCZ DB DK RD 5.3Vacuum TestCZ 5.4Power TestCZ 5.5Software TestRD CZ 6. Data Analysis 6.1Data RetrievalRD 6.2ElucidateRD 7. PresentationCZ RD DK

Timeline and Milestones  TaskStatus  Box Construction:Complete  Board Construction:Complete  Sensor Acquisition:Complete  Write Flight Software: Complete  Software Debug/test:Complete  Interface Sensors w/ Board:Complete  Sensor/Parts Testing:Complete  Modify Box For Sensors:Complete  Test Part Mountings:Complete  5 Meter Impact Test:Complete  Lucite Test:Complete  Temperature Testing:Complete  Power Testing:Complete  Write Data Acquisition Software:Complete  Vacuum Testing:Complete  CDR:Complete  FFR:May 22, 2005

Master Budget and Breakdown The total cost for all parts is currently about $407. There may need to be other purchase to solve problems not yet foreseen, but this will be possible because, as of right now, Team Tartive has a little money left of our $500 budget  Foam Board:~$15  Hand Warmers:~$20  Sensors:~$336  Electronics:Already Provided  Wire: Already Provided  Duct Tape ~$5  Electrical Tape ~$2  Batteries:~$30  Total: ~$407

Risk Management and Contingency The risk involved in this project mostly deal with gravity, temperature, and power. The box has been built to ensure that the electrical components will be able to survive the quick return to the ground. The box must also be sealed and have enough insulation to keep the inside temperature high enough to keep the inside components in operating condition. Two hand warmers will be used to ensure that the temperature is within this operating temperature. The batteries used in the project must also be able to produce enough power to keep the sensors and circuit board operational. The team decided that due to the low weight of the payload, another battery would be added in parallel to ensure that the payload would maintain its operating temperature.