CSIR Unit for Research and Development of Information Products, HEALTH HERITAGE SANGAM* OF ANCIENT WISDOM AND MODERN SCIENCE R.R. Hirwani Head CSIR Unit for Research and Development of Information Products, Pune, India GRA MEETING 1 February 2006 *SANGAM ~ CONFLUENCE

ORGANISATION OF PRESENTATION BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES FEATURES CONTENTS DEMONSTRATION BRIDGE BETWEEN TK AND MODERN SCIENCE IPR ISSUES CURRENT TRENDS INTO THE FUTURE

BACKGROUND AYURVEDA – INDIAN SYSTEM OF MEDICINE KNOWLEDGE CODIFIED IN SANSKRIT SINCE 12TH CENTURY B.C.- SCRIPTURES AVAILABLE IN PUBLIC DOMAIN INSTITUTIONALISED EDUCATION, RESEARCH AND PRACTICE MEDICINAL PLANTS - PRIMARY SOURCE OF MEDICINE EXTENSIVE RESEARCH ON NATURAL PRODUCTS AND PLANT CHEMISTRY ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS STUDY OF STRUCTURE - ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS KNOWLEDGE USEFUL FOR LIFE SCIENCE INDUSTRY

OBJECTIVES PUT TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE IN PUBLIC DOMAIN IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN MODERN ELECTRONIC FORMAT LINK TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE TO MODERN SCIENTIFIC AND PATENT LITERATURE USE DATABASE FOR DEFENSIVE AND POSITIVE LEGAL PROTECTION ADDRESS ‘PATENTABILITY’ ISSUES INCREASE INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS CATALYSE SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATION

FEATURES OF HEALTH HERITAGE DATABASE NON-PATENT AND PATENT LITERATURE ON MEDICINAL PLANTS WIDELY USED IN AYURVEDA REPRODUCTION OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE (ORIGINAL SANSKRIT, TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION) SUMMARY OF CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICINAL/CLINICAL STUDIES DONE ON MEDICINAL PLANTS AND THEIR EXTRACTS STRUCTURES OF NEW CHEMICALS ISOLATED FULL TEXT OF PATENTS BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES FREE TEXT SEARCH FACILITY DEMO OF HEALTH HERITAGE / WIPO PORTAL

AYUTA INDEX KNOWLEDGE OF AURVEDA CAN BE CLASSIFIED IN THREE BASIC PARTS HETU (CAUSE) LAKSHAN (SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS) AUSHADH (TREATMENT) INFORMATION SCATTERED IN DIFFERENT TEXTS COMPILED REFERENCES FROM FOUR PRINCIPLE TEXTS IN AN INDEXED FORM BROUGHT TOGETHER ALL THE EFFECTS RESULTING FROM EVERY SIGNLE CAUSE, ALL ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS WHICH CAN CAUSE EVERY SINGLE DISEASE OR CONDITION AND TREATMENT METHODS PREPARATION OF COMPUTER READABLE DATABASE MADE DATA MINING EASY-DIAGNOSTIC SOFTWARE

IS THE ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR A RABIES VIRUS RECEPTOR ? Vol. 215 8.1.1982 BRIDGE BETWEEN TK AND MODERN SCIENCE IS THE ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR A RABIES VIRUS RECEPTOR ? ABSTRACT Rabies virus was found on mouse diaphragms and on cultured chick myotubes in a distribution coinciding with that of the acetylcholine receptor. Treatment of the myotubes with -bungarotoxin and d-tubocurarine before the addition of the virus reduced the number of myotubes that became infected with rabies virus. These findings together suggest that acetylcholine receptors may serve as receptors for rabies virus. The binding of virus to acetylcholine receptors, which are present in high density at the neuromuscular junction, would provide a mechanism whereby the virus could be locally concentrated at sites in proximity to peripheral nerves facilitating subsequent uptake and transfer to the central nervous system. Lentz et. al.

BRIDGE BETWEEN TK AND MODERN SCIENCE Datura as a prophylaxis for rabies The affected person be made to drink the essence of Arka tree. This will clear his stomach of poison, if any, by vomiting. Sveta, Punarnava or Datura be administered. Palala, Oilseeds of Tila and essence of Rupika with Joggery drain the poison of Alarka (mad dog) as the wind drives away the clouds.

Karsa measure of root of Sarapunkha along with a half of Datura measure be mixed with the rice-water be ground with wet rice - this paste be wrapped by Unmattaka leaves and cooked as a cake. This cake be eaten by a person, who is bitten by Alarka and poisoned. Whatever the ills caused by the bite of mad dog are cured by this medicine.

DATURA AS A PROPHYLAXIS FOR RABIES CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF DATURA ARE SCOPOLAMINE, ATROPINE AND MANY OTHER ALKALOIDS THESE ALKALOIDS PREDOMINANTLY BLOCK THE MUSCARNIE ACTION OF ACETYLCHLORINE DATURA FOR RABIES TREATMENT REPRESENTS THE FIRST DOCUMENTED EXAMPLE OF PROPHYLAXIS BY RECEPTOR BLOCKADE

Active Principle of Chinese Plant THERAPEUTICS FOR CEREBRAL MALARIA Active Principle of Chinese Plant Artemisia annua Known Since 340 AD

PATENTS FOR ANTIMALARIAL COMPOSITIONS United States Patent 5,219,865 Chatterjee ,   et al. (Hoechst) June 15, 1993 Pharmaceutical combination for the prophylaxis and therapy of malaria Abstract The present invention relates to combinations of the malaria therapeutics artemisinine, dihydroartemisinine, arteether, artemether, artesunate or other artemisinine derivatives with one or more of the antimalarials chloroquine, 10-0-methylfloxacrine, quinine, mefloquine, amodiaquine, pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine and primaquine. Synergistic actions are achieved with them on treatment of mammals, including humans, with subcurative doses of the individual substances. 5,677,331 Zhou ,   et al. (Ciba Geigy) October 14, 1997 Antimalarial compositions The invention relates to a synergistic antimalarial composition which comprises the antimalarial agent benflumetol and also an antimalarial agent from the artemisinine group such as artemether. The composition can be formulated into solid dosage forms such as tablets and is useful for the treatment of drug resistant malaria.  

IPR ISSUES IP PROTECTION BEYOND TK ON MEDICINAL PLANTS ACTIVE INGREDIENTS / CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS COMBINATION OF CONSTITUENTS OF NATURAL PRODUCTS AND SYNTHETIC COMPOUNDS MINOR VARIANTS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING COMPOUNDS EMPHASIS ON ‘PATENTABILITY’ AND ‘VALIDITY’

PATENT ON AROMATIC,MEDICINAL AND ECONOMIC PLANTS(PAMEP) PROJECT SUPPORTED BY DBT STUDY PATENTS ON 2000+ PLANTS EMPHASIS ON TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS INPUT FOR CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIODIVERSITY

PAMEP . Plant Breeding, Propagation and Cultivation Formulations and their methods of preparation Food Applications Industrial Uses Active Components Agrochemical uses Dietary Supplements Processing Traditional Usage New Medicinal Usage Harvesting and post-harvest processing Other Misc. Uses

PATENT MAPPING FOR RESEARCH PLANNING

CURRENT TRENDS VALIDATION OF AYURVEDA CONCEPTS ON MODERN SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES CREATE VALUE BY SYNTHESIS BETWEEN ANCIENT INSIGHTS AND MODERN DISCOVERIES INNOVATION BY SCIENTIFICATION OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL KNOWLEDGE

VALIDATION OF AYURVEDA CONCEPTS CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS BASED ON MECHANISM OF ACTION CASE STUDIES -THERAPEUTICS : DIABETES - COSMECEUTICALS : SKIN CARE

MECHANISMS FOR DIABETES BETA CELL ACTIVATION BETA CELL REGENERATION PANCREATIC TONING/ PROTECTION INSULIN MIMICKING IMPROVEMENT OF GLUCOSE TOLERANCE/ INSULIN EFFICIENCY REDUCTION OF GLUCOSE ABSORPTION IMPROVEMENT IN CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IMPROVEMENT OF FAT METABOLISM OTHER MECHANISM

COSMECEUTICALS – SKIN CARE HYPER-PIGMENTATION/SKIN LIGHTENING ANTI-AGING WOUND HEALING ACNE SUN PROTECTION SKIN INFECTIONS

MECHANISM FOR HYPER-PIGMENTATION/SKIN LIGHTENING TYROSINASE INHIBITION MELANOGENESIS INHIBITION SUPPRESSING ENDOTHELIN- 1 FORMATION REDUCTION OF KERATINOCYTE DERIVED IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE CYTOKINES PREVENT UVB-INDUCED IMMUNE SUPPRESSION IN THE SKIN PIGMENTATION INHIBITORY EFFECT

MINERALIA MEDICA MEDICINES OF MINERAL ORIGIN WERE WIDELY USED BHASMAS ARE STILL IN USE HAS REMAINED AS NEGLETED AREA OF RESEARCH DUE TO PERCEPTION OF TOXICITY NO MENTION OF BHASMAS IN THE CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS FROM VOL.1 (1906) TO TILL DATE ON INTERNET ONLY COMMERCIAL INFORMATION AVAILABLE NO CLASSICAL WORK TRANSLATED IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMPILED ALL THE LITERATURE ON BHASMAS, TRANSLATED IN ENGLISH,COLLECTED SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE PCT APPLICATION ON ONE PARTICULAR BHASMA ALREADY BEEN FILED

METALLOPHARMACEUTICALS METAL BASED DRUGS - CANCER (Pt) ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS - Cu OR Zn ANTIDIABETIC DRUG -Cr AND V ANTIMICROBIALS - Zn, Bi, METAL CLUSTERS DEGENERATIVE DISEASES - Cu, Zn AND Fe EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES - NANOTECHNOLOGY

LEECH

LEECH LEECHES HAVE BEEN USED AS AN ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT TO BLOOD LETTING AND AMPUTATION FOR SEVERAL THOUSAND YEARS IT WAS USED FIRST FOR MEDICINE IN ANCIENT INDIA ABOUT 1000 BC IN AYURVEDA LEECH THERAPY IS CALLED AS JALOUKA PRAYOGA LEECH SALIVA HAS ANALGESTIC AND ANASTHETIC EFFECT  MAJOR SPECIES USED IN MEDICINE Ø      HIRUDO MEDICINALIS - EUROPEAN Ø      HIRUDINARIA MANILLENSIS - ASIAN Ø      HAEMENTERIA GHILIANII - AMAZON

US FDA APPROVAL IN JUNE 2004, US FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION CLEARED THE FIRST APPLICATION FOR LEECHES TO BE USED FOR COMMERCIAL MARKETING IN MODERN MEDICINE AS MEDICAL DEVICES  RICARIMPEX SAS , A FRENCH FIRM, WAS THE FIRST COMPANY TO REQUEST AND RECEIVE FDA CLEARANCE TO MARKET LEECHES AS MEDICAL DEVICE  FDA DETERMINED THAT LEECHES ARE MEDICAL DEVICES BECAUSE THEY MEET THE DEFINATION OF A MEDICAL DEVICE UNDER THE FOOD, DRUG AND COSMETICS ACT

LEECH THERAPY SKIN GRAFTING AND REATTACHMENT SURGERY APPLICATION ON ARTHRITIC KEEN REDUCES JOINT PAIN AND SWELLING PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY – PROVIDES CRITICAL VENOUS OUTFLOW FOR TISSUE REPLANTATION BREAST RECONSTRUCTION REDUCES POST SURGERICAL VENOUS ENGORGEMENT CONTINUOUS VENOVENOUS HEMODIALYSIS IN LIVER TRANSPLANTATION LEECHES APPLIED ON THE TIP OF THE TONGUE TO REMOVE THE SYMPTOMS CHARACTERISTIC FOR GLOSSALGIA

HIRUDIN   HIRUDIN-NATURALLY OCCURRING PEPTIDE IN THE SALIVARY GLANDS OF LEECHES ANTICOAGULANT INHIBIT THE THROMBIN CATALYTIC SITE DOES NOT INTERFERE WITH OTHER SERUM PROTEINS AND CAN ACT ALSO ON BOUND THROMBIN RELIEVES ACUTE VENOUS CONGESTION REDUCES THE RISK OF NONFATAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

MODERN RESEARCH INHIBITOR HUMAN TRYPTASE ISOLATED FROM LEECHES BIVALIRUDIN (HIRULOG) INHIBITS THROMBOSIS HIRULLIN POLYPEPTIDE A STRONG ANTITHROMBIC ACTIVITY ANTIMETASTATIC FACTOR COMPRISING A PROTEIN SUBSTANCE HAVING FACTOR XA INHIBITORY ACTIVITY ISOLATED FROM SALIVARY GLAND OF HAEMENTERIA GHILIANII HEMENTIN, A POLYPEPTIDE DERIVED FROM LEECH SALIVARY GLANDS FOR PREVENTS FORMATION AND DEAGGREGATION OF PLATELET-RICH CLOTS OR THROMBUS HIRUDIN (OR RELATED CHEMICALS) HAVE BEEN SYNTHESISED USING RECOMBINANT-DNA TECHNOLOGY.

MODERN RESEARCH CONTD.. A RECOMBINANT ANTISTASIN TYPE SERINE PROTEINASE INHIBITORS  POLYPEPTIDE INHIBITING C1 ESTERASE AND /OR FACTOR XII USED IN GENE THERAPY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR, INFLAMMATORY OR AUTO IMMUME DISORDES PROTEIN BLOCKS STIMULATION OF PLATELET AGGREGATION BY COLLAGEN USEFUL IN TREATMENT OF THROMBOTIC DISEASES NEW THROMBOLYTIC ENZYME DESTABILASE, ENDO-EPSI(GAMMA-GLU)-LYS-ISOPEPTIDASE, SHOWING EXO-EPSI(GAMMA-GLU)-LYS-ISOPEPTIDASE AND AMIDOLYTIC ACTIVITY OBTAINED FROM HIRUDINIDAE RECOMBINANT PROTEIN HAVING FIBRINOLYTIC AND COAGULATION-FACTOR XA-INHIBITING AMINO ACID SEQUENCE-INHIBITING PROPERTIES

INTO THE FUTURE LINK BETWEEN PHARMACOGENOMICS AND TMK PERSONALISED MEDICINE CONVERT CONCEPTS INTO PRODUCTS,DEVICES,MACHINE KNOWLEDGE and IPR MANAGEMENT IS THE KEY

IN CONCLUSION IT MIGHT WELL BE SAID OF ME THAT HERE I HAVE MERELY MADE UP A BUNCH OF OTHER MEN’S FLOWERS, AND PROVIDED NOTHING OF MY OWN BUT THE STRING TO BIND THEM. - MONTAIGNE, ESSAIS

CSIR Unit for Research and Development of Information Products 85/1 Paud Road, Pune - 411038

MECHANISMS FOR ANTI-STRESS ACETYLCHOLINE RELEASE ANTI-FATIGUE EFFECT ADAPTOGENIC ACTIVITY ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY CATECHOLAMINE SECRETION ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY ANXIOLYTIC EFFECT AS IMMUNO-ENHANCER

MECHANISMS FOR OBESITY ALPHA AMYLASE INHIBITORS/STARCH BLOCKERS LIPASE INHIBITORS INHIBITS LIPID DROPLET ACCUMULATION IN FAT CELLS WEIGHT CONTROL / ENHANCING WEIGHT LOSS REDUCING BODY MASS INDEX AFFECTING BILE ACID ABSORPTION HYPOLIPIDEMIC- LOWERING CHOLESTEROL CONTENT OF LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL) ELEVATING HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (HDL) CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS SERUM CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS REDUCTION APPETITE SUPPRESSANT

MINERALIA MEDICA MEDICINES OF MINERAL ORIGIN WERE WIDELY USED BHASMAS ARE STILL IN USE HAS REMAINED AS NEGLETED AREA OF RESEARCH DUE TO PERCEPTION OF TOXICITY NO MENTION OF BHASMAS IN THE CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS FROM VOL.1 (1906) TO TILL DATE ON INTERNET ONLY COMMERCIAL INFORMATION AVAILABLE NO CLASSICAL WORK TRANSLATED IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMPILED ALL THE LITERATURE ON BHASMAS, TRANSLATED IN ENGLISH,COLLECTED SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE PCT APPLICATION ON ONE PARTICULAR BHASMA ALREADY BEEN FILED

AYUTA INDEX KNOWLEDGE OF AURVEDA CAN BE CLASSIFIED IN THREE BASIC PARTS HETU (CAUSE) LAKSHAN (SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS) AUSHADH (TREATMENT) INFORMATION SCATTERED IN DIFFERENT TEXTS COMPILED REFERENCES FROM FOUR PRINCIPLE TEXTS IN AN INDEXED FORM BROUGHT TOGETHER ALL THE EFFECTS RESULTING FROM EVERY SIGNLE CAUSE, ALL ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS WHICH CAN CAUSE EVERY SINGLE DISEASE OR CONDITION AND TREATMENT METHODS PREPARATION OF COMPUTER READABLE DATABASE MADE DATA MINING EASY-DIAGNOSTIC SOFTWARE