Aeronautics Visions and Opportunities: A DoD Perspective Aeronautics Visions and Opportunities: A DoD Perspective Paul F. Piscopo Staff Specialist for Aircraft Systems Office of Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (S&T)

AERONAUTICS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY The DoD Environment Is Changing ( ) New and significant forces are impacting the DoD aeronautics S&T program Service Readiness and Modernization are driving S&T budgets (and priorities) Army Transformation/Future Naval Capabilities (FNCs)/Air Force Migration-to-Space The role and importance of aircraft in the Joint Warfighting Objectives and Plans are not always recognized or clearly visible (platform vs payload capability issue) Reductions in DoD/NASA aeronautics investments driving increased dependency/partnering Budgetary instabilities have produced significant programmatic turmoil Re-scoped/re-structured the Fixed Wing Vehicle Program (lost 25% of AF workforce ) Turbine Engine (IHPTET) Program delayed 8 years with FY00 submittal (restored by OSD) Hypersonic propulsion technology eliminated with FY00 submittal (restored by OSD) Major reductions in Aircraft Power investments after FY03 (new focus is on weapons/space power) … And misconceptions still abound Perception that there is little system-level capability left to be gained by advancement in aircraft and engine technologies--were operating in the margins Services have historically funded this technology, and will continue to do so -- low priority Industry will pick up the funding slack because of strong commercial relevance

Joint Vision 2010 Relies on Advancing Technology and Operational Warfighting Concepts 01/29/ The Lenses of Technological Innovation and Information Superiority Integrates and Amplifies Four New Operational Concepts

RESPONSIVE DEPLOYABLE AGILE VERSATILE LETHAL SURVIVABLE SUSTAINABLE The Future Force Full - Spectrum Dominance Force Transformation Aeromechanics Flight Controls Structures Advanced Concepts Mission Sys Integration Human Systems Integration Propulsion and Power Systems Diagnostics/ Prognostics AERONAUTICS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Objective: Affordable, Full-Spectrum Dominance

The Army Aviation Modernization Strategy …looking for fewer, more capable systems The Army Aviation Modernization Strategy …looking for fewer, more capable systems FY87FY92FY97 FY02 FY07FY12FY17FY22FY Aircraft Quantity Fiscal Year FUTURE UTILITY FUTURE SCT/ATK RAH-66 AH-64D AH-64A UH-60 MOD UH-60Q UH-60A/L LUH ICH CH-47D OH-58D UH-1 OH-58C AH-1 UH-1M OH-6 AERONAUTICS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Fleet Inventories Are Projected To Diminish

Rationale For Aeronautics S&T Investments Aeronautics technologies have a strong US military relevance ~1/3 of the DoD budget (~$100B/Yr) is related to aircraft system acquisition, operations, and support Aircraft will continue to play a vital role in joint warfighting capabilities in the foreseeable future Our technology pursuits are aggressive and achievable Reduce aircraft maintenance cost/flight hour 10% (legacy) & flyaway cost 70% (UAV) by 2007 Reduce rotorcraft weight empty/hover-out-of-ground-effect weight 22% by 2010 Increase gas turbine engine performance by 100%/reduce fuel consumption 40% by 2005 Increase electrical system reliability 20X by 2005 Demonstrate Mach 8 scramjet capability by 2002 The potential system-level payoffs are significant Increase aircraft mission range/payload by 100+% Increase aircraft operational readiness by 10+% Increase aircraft mobility/reduce logistics footprint Reduce missile reaction time by 25+% Reduced aircraft ownership costs by 35% Numerous opportunities exist for potential technology transition Legacy System Sustainment: F-14, F-15, F-16, C-5, C-141, B-1, B-2, AH-64/UH-60 Emerging System Development: F-22, F-18E/F, C-17, V-22, RAH-66 (Comanche) New System Development: JSF, FTR, UCAVs, Hypersonic Missile, Sensorcraft New Aerospace Concepts and Capabilities: Space Operations Vehicles, Future Strike Aircraft

ROTARY WING VISIONS/OPPORTUNITIES Utility/Attack/Cargo FTR Options Range: Km Payload:20 Ton Speed: kt Deployability:2100 Nm Legacy/Development Systems New System Development

CH-53E Cruise Speed (Knots) USTOL-IT 410Cruise Speed (Knots)305 C-130H 214nm258nmRadius (Unrefueled) 1 Hr Cruise Dist. (km) 2750nmRadius (Unrefueled)1900nm 6.7 hrsOutbound Cruise Time 6.2 hrs High Altitude Cruise Comparison On-The-Deck Cruise Comparison V-22USTOL-IT 1020nm Diego Garcia Guam. Florida. Khartoum Sudan Kabul Afghanistan. USTOL-IT C-130H USTOL-IT C-130H USTOL-IT.. Riyadh Baghdad. Sarajevo.. Okinawa V-22 USTOL-IT (~10,000 lbs Payload)(20,000 lbs Payload) FIXED WING VISIONS/OPPORTUNITIES Ultra Short Takeoff & Landing Intra-theater Transport

FIXED WING VISIONS/OPPORTUNITIES Subsonic Global Reach Transport Total World Coverage From Continental USA Propulsion Factor Ultra Fuel Efficient Subsonic Cruise – 30% Improvement Autonomous, Intelligent Engine – Self Diagnostic for Durability – Prognostic Maintenance for Field Operations – Active Control for Stability Affordable – Joint Commercial Core – Common Development/Production – Minimum Logistics Tail Required – Zero Maintenance Core Turbine Engine Long Range Plan Under Development – Versatile, advanced, Affordable Turbo Engines (VAATE) Engine Manufacturer Studies Underway With GE, P&WA, & Allison To Assess Viability Of Common Versatile Military/Commercial Core Common Military/Commercial Product Versatile Core

FIXED WING VISIONS/OPPORTUNITIES Supersonic VTOL Fighter F-15A 370nm min VTOL Fighter 515nm min Radius (Unrefueled) Cruise Mach Reaction Time Long Range, Supersonic Multi-Role Fighter * * Air Combat Mission

Cruise Mach VMCA 3.0Cruise Mach0.72 F nmRange (Unrefueled) Cruise Time * 3126nmRadius (Unrefueled)681nm 2.3 hrs Cruise Time * 9.0 hrs SR Maine Diego Garcia Guam. SR-71 Florida. Khartoum Sudan Kabul Afghanistan. Long Range Strike Global Reconnaissance SR-71VMCA 8546nm hrs VMCA F Maine Diego Garcia Guam. F-111 Florida VMCA. Khartoum Sudan Kabul Afghanistan. VMCA * 4000nm Radius VMCA - Global Coverage FIXED WING VISIONS/OPPORTUNITIES Mach 3.0 Versatile Mission Combat Aircraft

FIXED WING VISIONS/OPPORTUNITIES Multi-Role Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle (UCAV) Propulsion Factor Ultra Fuel Efficient – 35% Improvement Extended Storage – 2-4X Shelf Life Integrated Engine/Airframe – Thrust Vectoring – Low Signature – Stall Free Operation Affordability – Reduced Acquisition Cost – Affordable Development – Zero Maintenance Engine – Health Management 1000nm Radius at 0.8 Mn UCAV OTS Comparison +85% Radius/+160% Loiter -8% Aircraft LCC ($1.3B) Multi-Mission Capable

HYPERSONIC VISIONS/OPPORTUNITIES Missiles/Space Operations Vehicles/Global Strike Scramjet-/combined cycle-powered Mach 6 missile Scramjet-/combined cycle-powered Mach 6 missile Mach 4-8 TSTO First Stage utilizing readily-available hydrocarbon fuels readily-available hydrocarbon fuels Mach 4-8 TSTO First Stage utilizing readily-available hydrocarbon fuels readily-available hydrocarbon fuels Trans-atmospheric global strike

AERONAUTICS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A New Set of Concerns Is Emerging Business volatility is making technology planning difficult What are the right goals, program structure, and development pace? Whats the right mix between short-/long-term technology development? Whats the right balance between commercial-/military-driven needs? Growing emphasis on a new/different set of technology drivers Affordability (cost to develop, procure, and operate) Life, durability, and sustainment (increased service life) Fuel reduction (reduced logistics footprint/global warming) Emissions and noise (environmentally-driven basing considerations) Whats the right balance between capability and these other drivers? Sustaining a world-class workforce Moves, consolidations, and general down-sizing (loss of expertise base) Motivating our young people to choose a career in aeronautics

Summary Aeronautics S&T is important to both the military and civil sectors –Role of aircraft will continue to grow for the foreseeable future (military superiority) –Large impact on US balance of trade (economic competitiveness) Substantive technological advancements are being made in all sectors of the DoD Aeronautics S&T program/transition potential is high Significant improvements in capability are still achievable Current aeronautics technology budget trends are cause for concern –DoD/NASA both showing substantial declines –Steps are being taken to reverse the trend

BACKUP CHARTS

ASC/FB 3 May, 2000 KEY TECHNOLOGY AREAS Subsonic Concepts Improved, Supportable, Affordable RF & IR signature control Electronic countermeasures, self-defense capability Smaller precision guided munitions / longer range affordable stand off weapons High bypass turbofan installation Drag reducing aerodynamics (passive & active) Low weight & cost, multifunction structures Focus: Robust Survivability, Un-refueled Global Range (14,000+ nm), Affordable Air Platform

ASC/FB 3 May, 2000 KEY TECHNOLOGY AREAS Supersonic Concepts Supportable RF signature control to next level IR signature control Acoustic signature control Supportable integrated thermal management (3.5M+) Electronic countermeasures, self-defense capability Smaller precision guided munitions / longer range affordable stand off weapons Low SFC low-supersonic cruise engine Low SFC high-supersonic (3.5M+) cruise engine Drag reducing aerodynamics (passive & active) Tailless supersonic flight control Moderate temperature, low weight & cost structures Supersonic weapons carriage & release Focus: Robust Survivability, Increased Range, Increased Sortie Generation Rate

ASC/FB 3 May, 2000 KEY TECHNOLOGY AREAS Hypersonic/TAV Concepts Hypersonic weapon release Combined cycle propulsion (acceleration, cruise) Highly re-useable rocket propulsion Hypersonic engine-airframe integration Supportable and durable TPS, structural integration Supportable and integrated thermal management Prognostic health management High heat sink / high energy density fuels Drag & aero-heating reducing aerodynamics Datalinks / communications / sensors through high temp electromagnetic environment High temperature RF materials, IR signature control for M<7 (warning driven) Focus: Increased Range, Affordable Operations, Rapid Response

ASC/FB 3 May, 2000 KEY TECHNOLOGY AREAS General Applicability To All Concepts System of systems / multi-platform networking C4ISR, data fusion techniques, affordable off-board targeting, damage assessment Dynamic mission planning Rapid turnaround ground ops / stores loading Integrated vehicle/health management system Automated & autonomous operations (technologies for uninhabited & man-out-of-loop operations) Conformal antenna arrays Design cycle reduction tools / methods Focus: Bombs on Target and Affordable Operations

KEY TECHNOLOGY AREAS Technology Readiness Matrix