FRESHWATER SNAILS IN FIJI

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Presentation transcript:

FRESHWATER SNAILS IN FIJI By Alison Haynes

Main Families NERITIDAE Genera:Neritina, Clithon, Septaria 22 species Male and female individuals THIARIDAE Genera: Melanoides, Thiara 10 species Origins in South East Asia

Distribution of Neritids and Thiarids Originated in South East Asia Island hopped northwards (less) & southward (most) and a few eastwards Solomon Islands 28 species, 24 Fiji, 16 Samoa, 9 French Polynesia

USP Concrete Drains Diversity and abundance of neritids & thiarids 40 m stretch 600m from sea both genera reach 800 individuals per m.

Thiarids in drain

Neritids in drain

Neritina & Clithon Difficult to tell apart If spines present, must be Clithon But not all Clithons have spines All have operculum with longitudinal ridge/groove Penis with penis sac

Clithon Male head with penis and penis pouch Spermatophore Operculum

Neritina E. Male head with penis Spermatophore operculum

Septaria 5 species in Fiji, 13 worldwide Prefer fast flowing streams (Ovalau, Taveuni) Distribution in stream depends on shape

Septaria

Thiarids Found in ponds, drain, rivers and strteams Melanoides tuberculata now worldwide Reproduction by parthenogenesis – all female

Other Species Species with southern, Australian or New Zealand relatives Physastra nasuta Fluviopupa pupoidea is endemic to Fiji 4 mm high Genus in Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Rapa Island Lord Howe Island

Endemic Thiarid, Fijidoma maculata Found in inland Viti Levu in headwaters of Rewa & Ba rivers. Shaped like a neritid for living in swift current. Population in Wainibuka, Wailoa & Ba rivers Endangered

Endemic Species, Acochlidium fijiense Found only in Nasekawa R., Vanua Levu Related to marine nudibranchs One of the rare species found in freshwater. Other species in Palau & Flores (Indonesia)

Snails used as food

Conservation of Freshwater Snails Main threats 1. Siltation caused by logging of forests road making cultivation of steep hillsides 2.Cause silt and grit to cover stream bottom and the algal film on which the snails feed E.g. cleaning tail race at Wailoa power station decimated F. maculata population downstream in the Wailoa R.

Conservation of Freshwater Snails 2. Cyclones and storms F. maculata population in Wainibuka R. reduced to 250 m-2 from 1475 per m-2 after 2 cyclones in 1985