Accessing Cultural Heritage The Role of Collective Management Rainer Just, President of IFRRO August 2013Bangkok, Thailand

I.Introduction Examples of preserving and archiving cultural heritage by digital library initiatives

 Gutenberg project (  >100,000 titles, mainly out-of-copyright; free downloads  World Digital Library (  7 languages; 106 partners  Primary material  Prototype: 8,431 items (8016 books)  Internet Archive (  4,733,126 texts available  353 billion World Wide Web pages Digital Library initiatives

 over 26 million objects (July 2013)  over 2,200 collaborating institutions and organisations  123 libraries; archives; museums providing content  Common access point to the collections EUROPEANA European Digital Libraries

Who submits data to Europeana? Domain Aggregators National initiatives Audiovisual collections National Aggregators Regional Aggregators Archives Thematic collections Libraries e.g. Musées Lausannois e.g. Culture Grid, Culture.fr e.g. The European Library e.g. APEX e.g. EUScreen, European Film Gateway e.g. Judaica Europeana, Europeana Fashion

1. Basic Legal Issues II. Making cultural heritage available legally

… needs identifying and addressing:  Rights  Rightholders  Right status  Rights clearance  Orphan Works  Out-of-Commerce & In Commerce Works Digitising Cultural Heritage legally…

Fundamental Rights Concerned Rights of  Reproduction (Berne Convention Article 9.1)  Making available/Communication (WCT Article 10)  Distribution (WCT Article 10)

Exceptions/Limitations to exclusive rights  “Certain special cases”  Not in conflict with the normal exploitation of the work  Not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interest of the rightsholder  Libraries  Preservation  dedicated terminals on library premises The three-step-test - Berne Convention Article 9.2

2. Tools Available II. Making cultural heritage available legally

 Orphan works  Diligent search for rightholders’ Guidelines  Databases of Orphan works Criteria  Rights Clearance Centres Criteria  Works Out of Print/Distribution/Commerce  Model Licence  Databases of Orphan works Criteria  Rights Clearance Centres Criteria Europe Stakeholder developed tools

Out of Commerce Works Principles in Stakeholder MoU  Selection Agree on what to make available/digitise  Remuneration Voluntary Collective Licensing  Inclusion possible for works of authors and publishers not in the RRO catalogue  Right of withdrawal  Libraries observe agreed conditions  Cross-border accessibility

3. Collective Licensing II. Making cultural heritage available legally

Selection from Library Collection  Public domain  In copyright  In commerce  Out of Commerce (OOC (Majority))  Orphan (some) Status of works/materials determines different legal requirements:

Selecting - Identifying Works, Authors, Publishers, Status 15 Public Domain Rights can be cleared Legislation to clear rights situation No need to clear rights Author/publisher is known directly RRO Orphan Works Author/Publisher is unknown by CMO

Out of Commerce Works Voluntary Collective Licensing RROs will  Collect mandates from authors and publishers  Inform of withdrawn creators, publishers, works  Sign the licence  Monitor the licence Libraries will  Be transparent in the project planning  Ensure that licensing conditions are observed  Digitise/make available authorised works only

Authors & Publishers not in RRO catalogue User (Library) Voluntary Collective Licensing Agreement RRO Mandating Authors Collective Licensing Inclusion of works not in RRO catalogue Mandating Publishers Works may be withdrawn Combination of  Legal Presumption  Ext. Collective Licence Coll  Compulsory Collective Management Combination of  Legal Presumption  Ext. Collective Licence Coll  Compulsory Collective Management

4. Practical example – German solution for out of print works II. Making cultural heritage available legally

 Bookshelf project (Norway)  Out of Commerce Legislation (France)  Out of Commerce System for works created before 1966 (Germany) 19 European National Projects

Library Digitising project German Example 20 work published before 1966 is it out of commerce ? NO is it still copyright protected ? YES institution needs to licence Collecting Society represented rightsholder ? YES use/ licence NO entry into registry rebuttal ? NO YES NO

III. Conclusion

Many big ”C”s...  Creative Collaboration – finding solutions  Copyright Compliance  Collective Copyright Administration 22 Library Digitisation project The constructive way to solutions

23 Thank you!