CPS ® and CAP ® Examination Review OFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth Edition By Schroeder and Graf ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Office Systems and Technology Chapter 3: Telecommunications and Network Technologies

2 CPS ® and CAP ® Examination Review OFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth Edition By Schroeder and Graf ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Telecommunications Components and Functions Communication between computing technologies has become VERY important Deregulation of communication services and improvements in telecommunications equipment made fast, global communication available

3 CPS ® and CAP ® Examination Review OFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth Edition By Schroeder and Graf ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Telecommunications Industry Deregulated in 1984 Telecommunications Deregulation and Reform Act widens deregulation Other countries are starting to make telecommunications services operate in an open, competitive market

4 CPS ® and CAP ® Examination Review OFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth Edition By Schroeder and Graf ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Telecommunications Software Controls the entire transmission process including: Establishing an interface between the sender and receiver Routing messages along the most efficient path Ensuring that the right message is sent to the correct receiver Performing editorial data checks for transmission errors Converting message speeds and formats

5 CPS ® and CAP ® Examination Review OFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth Edition By Schroeder and Graf ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Telecommunications Hardware Telecommunications processors  A modem is a device that converts digital data codes to analog signals and vice versa, sender and receiver  A front-end processor is a small, specialized computer that communicates with the main system, manages telecommunications tasks  A multiplexer allows one channel to carry data from multiple sources at the same time, sender and receiver  A bridge connects two similar networks  A gateway connects two dissimilar networks, translates the differences Network Interface Card (NIC)-expansion card that connects a computer to a network

6 CPS ® and CAP ® Examination Review OFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth Edition By Schroeder and Graf ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Telecommunications Channels ChannelAdvantageDisadvantage Twisted wireInexpensive, easy to installSlow, low bandwidth, subject to errors, low security Coaxial WireHigher bandwidth, lessDifficult to install, inflexible, medium susceptible to interferencesecurity (compared to twisted wire) Fiber Optic cableVery high bandwidth, highDifficult to install transmission accuracy, very good security MicrowaveHigh bandwidth, lower costNeed unobstructed transmission line, than tethered cablesusceptible to environmental interference SatelliteHigh bandwidth, servesNeed unobstructed transmission line, large areaencryption required (security), transmission time delay Wireless networksEasy to installShort distance transmission, transmission interference, low security Cellular radio andConvenienceService range, medium security mobile computing

7 CPS ® and CAP ® Examination Review OFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth Edition By Schroeder and Graf ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Telephone Services Basic services  Local calls  Direct-distance dialing  Person-to-person  Collect call  Card call  Message unit calls Special services  Directory assistance  Audio conference  Emergency 911 calls  Text telephones  Cellular calls  Camera phone  Marine call  International calls  WATS line  INWATS line  Foreign exchange

8 CPS ® and CAP ® Examination Review OFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth Edition By Schroeder and Graf ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Answering Services An independent answering service has an operator to answer calls and take messages, messages can be picked up or ed Answering machine use a prerecorded message answers and a message is recorded Voic service is available from the local telephone company for an additional charge

9 CPS ® and CAP ® Examination Review OFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth Edition By Schroeder and Graf ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Special Telephone Features New features are constantly added to make communication easier and more efficient  Call waiting  Call forwarding  Speed calling  Caller ID  Repeat dialing  Call trace  Taped announcements

10 CPS ® and CAP ® Examination Review OFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth Edition By Schroeder and Graf ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Telephone Systems

11 CPS ® and CAP ® Examination Review OFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth Edition By Schroeder and Graf ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Telephone Equipment Some equipment is necessary to take advantage of the special features of the system  Key (or button) telephone  Touch-tone telephone  Speakerphone  Call director  Pager  Paging system  Headset

12 CPS ® and CAP ® Examination Review OFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth Edition By Schroeder and Graf ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Communication Networks Communication in a computer environment transmits documents, graphics, images, or files Communication includes the sender, receiver, and a communication channel for delivery Data need to be digitized Transmission requires adequate bandwidth

13 CPS ® and CAP ® Examination Review OFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth Edition By Schroeder and Graf ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Computing Models Centralized computing  1970s  Today used in conjunction with one of the other models Collaborative computing  Emerged in 1990s  Networked to accomplish integrated operations and link common processing tasks Distributed computing  Peer-to-peer computing puts all processing power on user’s desktop PC, computer assigned through operating system, utilize unused disk space and processing power  Client/server computing uses a computer as a server with clients (PCs), tasks shared between client and server

14 CPS ® and CAP ® Examination Review OFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth Edition By Schroeder and Graf ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Network Categories Local area network (LAN) is a private network, supports communications within a few mile area, devices shared with greater speeds Wide area network (WAN) can use public or private lines, microwave or satellite transmission for long distance communication Enterprise network Metropolitan area network Global network Virtual private network Value-added network

15 CPS ® and CAP ® Examination Review OFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth Edition By Schroeder and Graf ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Network Topologies In a bus network, a communications channel attaches all peripheral devices at any point on a single circuit of limited length A star network uses a central computer (node) to process all tasks before being routed to the appropriate network device A ring network eliminates the reliance on a central decision point for WANs, a unidirectional transmission line forms a closed path linking CPUS at remote locations