1 Citizen Potawatomi Nation Emissions Inventory: A Project from Start to Finish Cody Braun Environmental Coordinator

2

3 The Steps… Writing your QAPP -organization -addressing certain elements Source identification Data collection Emissions calculations Documenting and reporting

4 Tribal Area and Program Background 576,000 acres, approx. 900 sq. miles 27,000 members nationwide 11,000 members within TSJA 5% urban, 7% forest, 9% cropland, 30% pastureland, 44% rangeland Primary land use activity is agriculture: crops & livestock Principal industry is oil & natural gas exploration and production CPN Environmental Department: GAP grant, recycling program, CWA Section 106, CAA Section 103

5 EI Development/Timeline 1.Attend Tribal Emissions Inventory Software Solutions (TEISS) Training 2.Develop QAPP detailing scope and how EI will be conducted 3.Collect point source data and activity data for area and mobile sources 4.Calculate emissions estimates (TEISS software + other methods) 5.Document and Report data with EI Final Report & submission to EPA’s Emission Inventory System (EIS) October 2010 January 2011 June 2011 August 2011 October 2011

6 QAPP Organization Format - EPA QA/R-5: Guidance for Quality Assurance Project Plans - Other Tribal examples (ITEP: resources webpage) Elements A.Project Management 1-4. Title & Approval Sheet, Table of Contents, Distribution List, Project/Task Organization 5. Problem Definition / Background 6. Project/Task Description (Scope: time frame, geographic area, sources, pollutants) 7. Quality Objectives and Criteria (Level of Complexity) 8. Special Training/Certifications 9. Documentation and Records

7 QAPP Organization (cont.) B. Data generation and acquisition 1. Data collection 2. Emissions calculations 3. Quality Control (QC) and Quality Assurance (QA) activities C.Assessment and oversight

8 EI Level/Complexity Dictated by end use of data and data collection methods – For CPN: General assessment – identify and quantitatively represent sources of air pollution that may influence air quality within the Tribe’s land base Started with Level 4 – gathered existing NEI/state data – Point sources – Found that area source data for counties (OK) were default values, therefore… Level 3 – Collecting and generating original/site-specific data – Used to guide future planning & research efforts

9 Data Quality Objectives and Criteria Accuracy: thorough documentation, using standardized EPA emission factor methods (AP-42) in TEISS, applying QA/QC checks throughout Completeness: 100% of point sources, prioritized list of area sources & concerted effort to include as many as possible (activity data limiting), on-road for all highways Representativeness: calculated emissions will be compared to data from comparable regions/counties Comparability: results presented in same units as EPA’s CHIEF database

10 QA/QC Measures Quality Control – implemented to meet DQOs; technical - Sound documentation - Data & calculations checking - TEISS & QA/QC checklist Quality Assurance – more objective assessment of data quality; effectiveness and appropriateness of methods - Peer review: ITEP

11 Defining the EI Scope Time frame: 2008 (Jan. 1 – Dec. 31) Pollutants: Criteria pollutants from all sources + HAPS from point sources Geographic Area/Sources o Point sources (CERR) within extended geographical area 100+ tpy of any criteria, 10+ tpy single HAP, or 25+ tpy combined HAP; or PTE in these amounts Point sources outside jurisdiction to be summarized in separate section of final report o Area & on-road mobile within jurisdiction

12 Something to consider… Wind Rose Sources Lakes Environmental: WRPLOT- View US EPA: WRPLOT State Weather/Climate Offices Meteorological conditions

13 Point Source Geographic Area Import into TEISS Shape file…

14 Which area sources you say? Importing NEI data into TEISS Create graphs & charts by SCC code Upside: quick, easy to interpret Downside - may be lacking some sources: e.g. missing one of the four SCC codes (fires, oil & gas operations), mobile sources - must re-run the filter to get to specific area source

15 Which Sources…(cont.) Accessing and viewing NEI directly Microsoft Access files Query to narrow your search (state, county, pollutant) Upside: more complete - all sources included (fires, oil & gas operations, mobile) Downside: much more time consuming

16 NEI Access File

17 Area Sources of Concern

18 Area Sources (cont.) Residential woodstoves Residential natural gas combustion Unpaved roads Agriculture o Tilling/harvesting o Livestock Diesel idling

19 Activity Data/Info. Collected Use TEISS calculator to determine what you need o Fuel throughput o Cords of wood burned & weight per cord o Acres of land tilled/harvested o Miles of paved/unpaved roads & traffic counts (VMT) o # of homes using natural gas, wood stoves o Natural gas consumption o Acres of land burned o Livestock populations

20 Data Sources Point sources – National Emissions Inventory (NEI) – State Dept. of Environmental Quality Area sources – State Fire Marshall (NFIRS) – Energy Information Administration – U.S. Census Data – National Agricultural Statistics Service – Local knowledge – Site visits/phone calls Mobile sources – State Department of Transportation (traffic counts) – Google Maps® (mileage)

21 About those mobile sources… Options for calculating – EPAs MOVES model – Interpolating from known emissions and VMT data – Do it yourself! Data/figures you will need – Traffic counts (AADT) – Mileage – Emission Factors Emission factors: AP-42 Volume II, Appendix I – Emission factors available for CO, NO X, VOCs – Select the appropriate EFs based upon: Altitude (high/low) Velocity Ambient temperature Multiply to get VMTs

22 Wildfires/Events Did not have specific wildfire/event data, only total acres burned AP-42 Chapter for emission factors and emission calculation – General figure for the Southern US (fuel loading consumed) Straightforward calculation – Land area burned X fuel loading consumed X yield of each pollutant Entering information/data into TEISS – General wildfire SCC code – Specified that wildfire ‘event’ was actually a compilation of ALL fires w/ in CPN jurisdiction for 2008 – Geographic coordinates: used CPN jurisdiction centroid

23 Example Calculation for Activity Data Residential Natural Gas Combustion o Energy Information Administration Statewide Residential consumption = 66,225 MM ft. 3 Statewide: 923,650 homes o Census Bureau 15,297 homes in CPN TSA w/ natural gas 66,225 mcf X mcf 923,650 homes 15,297 homes This is your activity data ready to input into TEISS = X = 1,097 mcf

24 Another example calculation… 8.1 miles AADT = 6,000 vehicles VMT = 8.1 miles X 6,000 vehicles/day X 365 days = 17,739,000 vehicle miles/year This is ready to be multiplied by your EF (g/mile) to get total annual emissions

25 Final Report Thorough explanation of what you set out to do (and why), how you did it, and what the results are Gives enough information that results could be duplicated Includes brief, comprehensive summary upfront that hits highlights/main concerns

26 Example: Final Report Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION o Background o Climate o Summary of existing AQ Data and Conditions o EI Program Objectives SOURCE IDENTIFICATION AND DATA COLLECTION o Point o Non-point o On-road mobile o Sources not covered EMISSION INVENTORY RESULTS o Point source facilities & emissions Inside Tribal Jurisdiction Outside Tribal Jurisdiction Summary of Point Source Emissions o Non-point calculations & emissions Each respective area source Summary of Non-Point Emissions o On-road mobile calculations & emissions o Criteria Pollutant Summary QUALITY ASSURANCE / QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLE CALCULATIONS

27 Presenting Your Results Tables, charts, and graphs are easy to interpret, and fun to make! Every chart/graph should answer a question or questions, for example o Where are the respective point sources located? o How do the total criteria pollutant emissions from point, area and mobile sources compare? o What point source emits the most NO X ? o Which area source contributes the most VOCs?

28

29 Example Charts and Graphs Nitrogen Oxide (NO X ) Contributions

30 Example Graph

31 Example Graph

32 Submitting Data to EIS Missed window for submission of area sources, but able to submit ‘event’ data (wildfires) Straightforward export; followed steps from TEISS Case Project – QA check/data validation in TEISS revealed ALL Data Completed Submission to EIS Gateway – Feedback report(s) with critical errors – Sally Dombrowski (EPA EI and Analysis Group) VERY helpful

33 Recap of CPN EI Attended ITEPs EI/TEISS training course Developed QAPP using EPA Guidance (format) and other tribal examples Used NEI and TEISS to identify area sources of concern and determine activity data needed Data collection and subsequent calculations and emission estimates Data used as general air quality assessment

34 Questions? EI…EI…Oh !!