Mozambique Floods and Cyclone RTE 22-Sep-151 Mozambique Floods and Cyclone Real Time Evaluation Cosgrave J, Gonçalves, G, Martyris D, Polastro R, and M Sikumba-Dils

Mozambique Floods and Cyclone RTE 22-Sep-152 The Context: Mozambique –On of the poorest counties in the world (ranked only 168 th out of 177 in the Human Development Index.) –Attracts a lot of donor support (20% of GDP) –Disproportionate government spending – five times higher per capita for the capital than for rural areas in the centre of the country –HIV/Aids a growing problem –Prone to flooding and to Indian Ocean cyclones

Mozambique Floods and Cyclone RTE 22-Sep-153 The clusters: objectives ranked by fulfilment 1.Coordination with national/local authorities etc 2.Improve field level coordination and prioritisation 3.Well identified and predictable leadership 4.Strengthen the accountability of cluster leads

Mozambique Floods and Cyclone RTE 22-Sep-154 The clusters: Lead responsibilities ranked 1.Establishment and maintenance of coordination 2.Inclusion of key humanitarian partners 3.Coordination with national/local authorities etc 4.Provision of assistance or services as a last resort 5.Planning and strategy development 6.Advocacy and resource mobilization 7.Monitoring and reporting 8.Training and capacity building 9.Needs assessment and analysis 10.Application of standards 11.Emergency preparedness 12.Participatory and community-based approaches 13.Attention to priority cross-cutting issues

Mozambique Floods and Cyclone RTE 22-Sep-155 Recommendations: Cluster leadership The IASC should consider changing cluster ToRs so that field presence is a requirement for all cluster leads, or alternatively of introducing an ‘omnibus’ cluster for coordination of several smaller sectors together. The IASC should consider introducing a deputy-lead in all clusters to improve participation by agencies from the deputy-lead’s sector. The IASC should consider introducing a special allowance for lead agencies that don’t have large reserves - or restrict leads to those with significant unearmarked funds. The IASC should consider introducing a requirement for delegated budgetary authority for cluster leads, or at least for budgetary control of CERF funds.

Mozambique Floods and Cyclone RTE 22-Sep-156 Recommendations: Quality issues The IASC needs to agree benchmarks for each cluster. Ideally these should draw on existing benchmarks within the humanitarian sector rather than trying to formulate new ones. The IASC should consider formalising responsibility for quality control, with an appropriate budget, within each cluster rather than allocating it to the lead as a default. The IASC should introduce the requirement for automatic independent external accountability evaluation of CERF funds to encourage their careful use.

Mozambique Floods and Cyclone RTE 22-Sep-157 Recommendations: Funding The IASC should develop clearer guidelines for NGO access to CERF funds. The IASC should consider establishing, in each CERF funded response the possibility of having an umbrella fund for NGO response to be managed by the HCT. OCHA should consider introducing recovery appeals as an alternative to flash appeals. The CERF mechanism needs a clear and simple system for reprogramming grants in the event of changed circumstances.

Mozambique Floods and Cyclone RTE 22-Sep-158 Recommendations: Cross cutting issues The IASC should consider an alternate model where clusters are supported by themes with specific agencies assigned responsibility as cross-cutting thematic leads. An alternative model would be to assign responsibility within the major operational clusters for cross cutting issues to specific agencies rather than automatically to the cluster lead.

Mozambique Floods and Cyclone RTE 22-Sep-159 Recommendations: OCHA support for Clusters OCHA should consider mounting cluster secretariats at national level during emergency responses. OCHA should develop a more formal dispute resolution mechanism for intra- cluster disputes. OCHA should broaden its roster to include people who can stay in place for at least six weeks and who have appropriate language skills. OCHA should establish a web framework that can be used for cluster coordination in future emergencies.

Mozambique Floods and Cyclone RTE 22-Sep-1510 Recommendations: Training OCHA needs to provide training for agency information officers on how to operate in a clustered environment. OCHA needs to increase training for potential cluster and sector leads to reach all countries at risk of disasters.

Mozambique Floods and Cyclone RTE 22-Sep-1511 Recommendations: Other issues The IASC should consider at what scale of emergency the use of the cluster approach is appropriate The IASC should consider making the issuing of a concept of operations a standard procedure for all clusters. The IASC should introduce a requirement for HCT’s to publish details of failures by agencies to deliver on their cluster commitments. Donors, the UN, the NGOs, and the Red Cross should support the development of strong national coordination in other countries.