Taking the hazard out of waste management

 1974 Original High Temperature Incinerator plant built by BEC  1982 Site sold to Rechem International  1990 Rotary kiln installed & solids handling systems improved  1992Rechem sold to Shanks & McEwan  1995Shanks & McEwan business restructured into  Shanks Waste Services (Landfill & Recycling)  Shanks Chemical Services (Incineration & Treatment & Transfer)  2002Waste to Energy Fluidised Bed Incinerator Commissioned  2005 Shanks Chemical Services sold to Onyx  2006 (February) Veolia – corporate rebranding of all their divisions  2006 (October) Veolia forced to sell Fawley incinerator due to EU commission ruling following their acquisition of Cleanaway  May 2007 – Pyros Environmental Ltd Site History Taking the hazard out of waste management

Situated within a large petrochemical complex on an old gravel pit Permitted Capacity - 45,000Te per annum Thermal Capacity - 24 MW c. 90 employees based at Fawley Fawley High Temperature Incinerator (HTI) Taking the hazard out of waste management

Burns solid, liquid and gaseous waste at >1100 deg Celsius. Complete destruction of waste in an oxygen rich environment. Suitable for handling large volumes of very hazardous waste. Restricted number of H.T.I. in the UK. High Temperature Incineration Taking the hazard out of waste management

Legislation Some waste has no legal alternative to incineration. Environmental Waste is safely handled and does not pollute land or water. Economic A secure and reliable outlet which increasingly competes on price. Security Ensures complete destruction. Taking the hazard out of waste management Why use HTI?

Taking the hazard out of waste management HTI Schematic overview

Refractory lined steel drum 12 Metres x 4.5 Metres Liquids fed via burners and lances Solids fed via automated drum conveyor / shredder / bulk solid feed system Kiln temperature between 1100 o C o C Solids residence time Hours Rotary Kiln Taking the hazard out of waste management

Temperature 1120 o C o C Virgin Fuels used for start-up Residence time for gases ~ 4 seconds Destruction efficiency is > % Afterburner Chamber Taking the hazard out of waste management

Gas Cleaning Plant Quench –Addition of water to cool the gases from 1100 o C to 85 o C in < 1/3 of a second –Prevent the formation of dioxins –Caustic (Sodium Hydroxide) added to neutralise acid gases –-Spin Vane Separator removes coarse dust and water droplets Absorber (Scrubber) –Packed column - to remove majority of dust –Remaining acidity neutralised 2 Electrostatic Precipitators –Remove the smaller particles of dust Conditioning Air –Heated air to remove visibility of plume Stack –Continual monitoring of emissions Taking the hazard out of waste management

Standard physio-chemical treatment Chemical dosing and pH control to remove soluble heavy metal compounds Clarifier – flocculent added to help settle suspended solids into a sludge which is pressed Filtration Bag filter Carbon Filter Batch analysis of effluent Discharge to estuary Effluent Treatment Plant Taking the hazard out of waste management

Automated Control Systems Process Control System (PCS) Direct monitoring Operation of the incineration process with waste interlocks Plant designed to shut down safely in the event of an interruption to the utility supply Safety Shut-Down System(SSDS) Monitors key safety parameters (in triplicate) Solid state device not reliant on software Controlled shut-downs and start-ups An updated version of the first of its kind in the hazardous waste industry Taking the hazard out of waste management

Top tier COMAH site PPC licensed at the end of 2005 ISO 9001 (Quality) compliant ISO (Environment) compliant RSA93 Authorisation Licences and Accreditation Taking the hazard out of waste management

Radioactive Waste Taking the hazard out of waste management

Authorisation under RSA 93 for: Accumulation of Relevant Waste Disposal of Relevant Waste by incineration on the premises Discharge of solid, liquid and gaseous process wastes Most comprehensive incineration authorisation within the UK to accept: Carbon-14 and tritium wastes Iodine-125, iodine-131, Phosphorus-32 & Sulphur-35 Other beta/gamma wastes Alpha emitters Capability Taking the hazard out of waste management

Volume:60m 3 Time:90 Days Activity: – Carbon-14 and tritium 1.6 TBq – Iodine-125, iodine-131,} 2 GBq Phosphorus-32 & Sulphur-35} – Other beta/gamma wastes1 GBq – Alpha emitters40 MBq Accumulation Limits Taking the hazard out of waste management

Volume:No Limit Activity: – Carbon-14 and tritium 1200 GBq/Month – Iodine-125, iodine-131,} 1 GBq/Month Phosphorus-32 & Sulphur-35} – Other beta/gamma wastes500 MBq/Month – Alpha emitters 40 MBq/Month Incineration Limits Taking the hazard out of waste management

Activity must be dispersible Waste must be suitable for processing via: – DSL (fully pumpable liquid up to 200ltr) or – Hoist (Solid up to 200ltr & Sludge up to 25ltr) Packaging must comply with current transport regulations External Dose Rate < 5  Sv/hr preferred Further conditions set out in CFA including drum limits for different groups of isotopes Acceptance Criteria Taking the hazard out of waste management

Waste can also be processed via shredder (1m x 1m x 1m) Packaging must comply with transport regulations External Dose Rate < 5  Sv/hr preferred Characterisation and declaration stating waste is within exemption order limits Exempt NORM Waste Taking the hazard out of waste management

Waste to Energy Taking the hazard out of waste management

Commissioned in 2002 Fluidised bed incinerator with energy recovery Commissioned on Meat and Bone Meal (MBM) Now trialling and running on alternative wastes including hazardous waste. Exports 6MW/hr of electricity to the national grid Waste to Energy Taking the hazard out of waste management

Developed, proven technologies Avoiding problems associated with landfill regulations Reducing volumes and treats hazards prior to landfill Incineration is BPEO for most low level radioactive wastes Working to the highest standards Professional and dedicated team Summary Taking the hazard out of waste management