Presenting the Thirteen’th wave Latinobarometro 2009 Washington D.C., February 26th, 2009 Marta Lagos

LATINOBARÓMETRO HISTORY 1994: First funding from the European Union for a four country study in the southern cone of Latin American. - Argentina- Chile –- Brazil - Uruguay 1995: First wave is applied in eight countries with the support of the European Union and local funding. –- Argentina- Paraguay- Chile- México –- Brazil - Peru- Uruguay- Venezuela From 1996: the study expands to 17 countries with funds of IADB, local governments, U.S. Government and the UNDP. – - Argentina- Brazil- Bolivia- Chile – - Colombia- Costa Rica- Ecuador- El Salvador – - Guatemala- Honduras- México- Nicaragua – - Panama- Paraguay- Peru- Uruguay – - Venezuela Other donor institutions join Latinobarómetro, today multiple financing: IADB, SIDA, local governments, private institutions, U.S. Government, World Bank, ILO, Think Tanks and the European Union. 2004: The study expands also to Republica Dominicana, 18 countries are measured. 2006: Opening of the first ONLINE Data Bank in spanish in the continent.

LATINOBARÓMETRO Represents the adult population of each country, 500 million all over the region. Sample error fluctuate by country between 2,8% and 4,1% Sample size of 1000 y 1200 cases. Sample error 3% face to face interviews and 1000 variables applied in 12 years. Comparative information sources: GLOBAL BAROMETERS WORLD VALUES SURVEY CSES EUROPEAN SOCIAL SURVEY EUROBAROMETER GENERAL SOCIAL SURVEY OWN SOURCES

The relationship between Democracy and Development: The impact of growth

RECOVERING THE PAST

GROWTH PER COUNTRY Country Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Dominican Rep Uruguay Venezuela Total

IMAGE OF PROGRESS LATIN AMERICA Q. Would you say that this country is progressing, at a standstill, or in decline?. Source: Latinobarómetro

Source: Latinobarómetro COUNTRY’S FUTURE ECONOMIC SITUATION LATIN AMERICA / TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2008 Q. Over the next 12 months do you think that, in general, the country’s economic situation will be much better, a little better, about the same, a little worse or much worse than now? *Answer shown ‘much better’ plus ‘a little better’.

FUTURE PERSONAL ECONOMIC SITUATION LATIIN AMERICA / TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2008 Source: Latinobarómetro Q. Over the next 12 months do you think that your economic situation and that of your family will be much better, a little better, about the same, a little worse or much worse than now? *Answer shown ‘much better’ plus ‘a little better’.

Q. How concerned would you say you are that you will be left without work or unemployed during the next 12 months? Very concerned, concerned, a little concerned, or not at all concerned, do not work ? *Answer shown ‘Very concerned’ plus ‘concerned’. REDUNDANCY INDEX LATIN AMERICA / 2008 TOTAL BY COUNTRY Source: Latinobarómetro

TRUST IN BANKS LATIN AMERICA / TOTAL COUNTRY 2008 Q. Please, look at this card and tell me how much trust you have in each of the following groups, institutions or persons mentioned on the list? a lot, some, a little, or no trust… in? *Answer shown ‘Banks ’.** Answer shown ‘a lot’ plus ‘ some’. Source: Latinobarómetro

HAVE YOU EVER USED INTERNET IN YOUR LIFE? LATIN AMERICA / LATIN AMERICA Source: Latinobarómetro 2002 – Q1. Have you ever used ? Have you ever used to communicate? Yes, every day Yes, occasionally Yes, Almost never, No, never. * Answer shown ‘Yes’ Q2. No matter where you have access to the internet, What do you frequently use internet for? Use / Search information/ Entertainment/ Work/Study/ doing paperwork/Shopping/ Other. ** Answer multiple total number over 100%. Ever in life Why use it?

INTEREST IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LATIN AMERICA / TOTAL COUNTRY Q. How much interest do you have in international affairs? A lot of interest/ Some interest/ Little interest/ No interest.* Answer shown ‘ A lot of interest ´ plus ´Some interest´. Source: Latinobarómetro

Source: Latinobarómetro THERE CAN BE NO DEMOCRACY WITHOUT A NATIONAL CONGRESS LATIN AMERICA 1997 – 2008 /TOTALS BY COUNTRY Q. ¿There are people who say that without a national congress there can be no democracy, while others say that democracy can work without a National Congress. What is closer to your way of thinking? *Answer shown ‘ Without a national congress there can be no democracy’.

Source: Latinobarómetro THERE CAN BE NO DEMOCRACY WITHOUT POLITICAL PARTIES LATIN AMERICA 1997 – 2008 / TOTALS BY COUNTRY Q. There are people who say that without political parties there can be no democracy, while others say that democracy can work without parties. What is closer to your views? *Answer shown ‘Without political parties there can be no democracy’

TRUST THE GOVERNMENT TO DO WHAT IS RIGHT LATIN AMERICA 2001 – 2008 / TOTALS BY COUNTRY Source: Latinobarómetro 2001 – Q. I am going read a statement. Please, tell me if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree. “You can generally trust the people who run our government to do what is right”.*Answer shown only ‘Strongly agree’ plus ‘Agree’.

Q. ¿Do you approve or disapprove the way the President (NAME OF PRESIDENT) is running the country? Answer shown ‘Approve’. Source: Latinobarómetro GOVERNMENT APPROVAL LATIN AMERICA 2002 – 2008 / TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2008.

Source: Latinobarómetro PROGESS IN REDUCING CORRUPTION LATIN AMERICA / TOTALS BY COUNTRY Q. How much progress do you think has been made in reducing corruption in State institutions during the last two years? Much,something,Little,Nothing *Answer shown ‘ Much´, plus ´ something ´.

FISCAL MORALITY LATIN AMERICA / TOTALS BY COUNTRY Source: Latinobarómetro 1998 – Q. On a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 means "not at all justifiable" and 10 means "totally justifiable", how justifiable do you believe it is to evade paying taxes?. * averages shown.

The relationship between Democracy and Development: The role of liberty

FREEDOM AND SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACY SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACY FREEDOM AS THE MEANING OF DEMOCRACY

FREEDOM AND SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRACY SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRACY FREEDOM AS THE MEANING OF DEMOCRACY

ECONOMIC SENTIMENT AND SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACY SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACY ECONOMIC SENTIMENT

SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRACY ECONOMIC SENTIMENT ECONOMIC SENTIMENT AND SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRACY

Latin American Exceptionalism

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ¿Where does Latin America Stand in the World? Latin America differs from the rest of the world inasmuch as its culture is not transforming itself following the same path that other cultural regions have done in the past. While the rest of the world has moved from a traditional to a rational culture shift at the compass of growth, Latin America reinforces its traditions at the same time it moves towards higher levels of selfexpression.

The Human Development Value Space in Theory The constraint vs. choice polarity reflects a Human Development continuum in which a move towards the choice-end means more Human Development as it gives people more room to realize their inner human potentials.

Net Value Changes within Cultural Zones ( ) On average, the five cultural zones (for which data are available from 1981 to 2006) have been moving toward stronger self-expression values. Four of these five zones also moved toward stronger secular-rational values. But this move is less pronounced.

TRUST Q. Generally speaking, would you say that you can trust most people, or that you can never be too careful when dealing with others?. Here only “You can trust most people” Source: Latinobarómetro / Afrobarometer GLOBAL BAROMETER Here those who no do not trust by continent

CONFLICTS IN SOCIETY AMÉRICA LATINA Here only Very “strong and strong” Source: Latinobarómetro

DEMOCRACY GARANTIES …. AMÉRICA LATINA 2008 ¿ To what extent are the following guaranteed? * Here only “completely and somewhat guaranteed’ Source: Latinobarómetro 2008.

Final Point: The Relevance of Self-Expression Values

DEMOCRACY FREEDOM AND ECONOMIC EXPECTATIONS

Net Optimism* and Convinced** Democrats in Latin America Optimist minus Pesismtists based on 6 questions on economic expectation, present past and future ** Those who support democracy and think it the best system.

FREEDOM DEMOCRACY ECONOMY DEMOCRACY AND DEVELOPMENT

SUPPORT AND SATISFATION WITH DEMOCRACY AND PIB PER CAPITA AMÉRICA LATINA Source: Latinobarómetro Proyectado 2006

THANK YOU

ANNEX

SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACYSATISFACTION UNSATISFIED DEMOCRATS (DIFERENCE)FREEDOM Japan Phillipines Sri Lanka Indonesia Korea Thailand Taiwan Pakistan India Bangladesh Vietnam Singapore Mongolia UNSATISFIED DEMOCRATS ASIA

SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACYSATISFACTION UNSATISFIED DEMOCRATS (DIFERENCE) FREEDOM Zimbabwe Nigeria Zambia Malawi Cape Verde Kenya Senegal Benin Madagascar Uganda Lesotho Mali Nepal Botswana Ghana South Africa Tanzania Mozambique Namibia UNSATISFIED DEMOCRATS AFRICA

SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACYSATISFACTION UNSATISFIED DEMOCRATS (DIFERENCE)FREEDOM Peru Uruguay Mexico Argentina Venezuela Paraguay Costa Rica Bolivia Panamá Ecuador Colombia Nicaragua Guatemala Honduras Chile El Salvador Brazil UNSATISFIED DEMOCRAT LATIN AMERICA

SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACY AFRICA- ASIA- LATIN AMERICA

SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRACY AFRICA- ASIA- LATIN AMERICA

FREEDOM AS THE MEANING DEMOCRACY AFRICA- ASIA- LATIN AMERICA

Convinced Democrats Democracy is preferableDemocracy as the best system of government Convinced Democrats Uruguay Venezuela República Dominicana Bolivia Costa Rica Colombia Argentina Promedio Paraguay Chile Nicaragua Panamá Brasil Ecuador El Salvador México Perú Honduras Guatemala345825

Net Optimism and Convinced Democrats in Latin America OptimistsMixtPesimistsNet Optimism* Convinced Democrats ** Brasil Paraguay Colombia Uruguay Ecuador Venezuela Panamá Promedio Argentina Bolivia Nicaragua Chile México Costa Rica Honduras Guatemala El Salvador Rep. Dominicana Perú Optimist minus Pesismtists ** Those who support democracy and think it the best system.