Physical Science Chapter 2 What is Matter? Physical Science Chapter 2

Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space All the materials you can hold or touch Examples You This computer The air you are breathing

Atom = smallest particle that has the properties of an element Atoms are matter Atom = smallest particle that has the properties of an element Atoms make up elements

Elements Element = a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances An example of an element is carbon So, carbon is an element and elements are made of atoms

Elements Each element has a one or two letter symbol Each are unique and behave differently What element is shown here?

Compounds Most substances exist on Earth and in the human body as compounds, not free elements A compound is a substance made of more than one element bound together Carbon = black Oxygen = red Hydrogen = white

+ = Compound Properties Specific compounds always combine in the same proportions Every water molecule has 2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen Compounds have properties very different from their individual elements + =

Chemical Formulas Contains the symbols for each element in a compound and the numbers for each atom of each element H2O CO2 CH4 NaCl

Pure Substances Matter with a fixed composition and definite properties Examples are atoms, elements, and compounds Cannot be separated by physical actions

+ + = Mixtures NOT PURE SUBSTANCES Made of pure substances, but composition is not fixed Can be separated by physical actions + + =

Types of Mixtures Heterogeneous = substances are not uniformly mixed throughout, you can see the layers Homogeneous = evenly mixed throughout Layers are not visible Also called a solution Granite is a common and widely-occurring type of intrusive, felsic, igneous rock. Granite primarily consists of orthoclase and plagioclase feldspars, quartz, hornblende, muscovite and/or biotite micas, and minor accessory minerals such as magnetite, garnet, zircon and apatite. Rarely, a pyroxene is present.

More Mixtures Gases can also mix with liquids Gases are usually dissolved in water Examples are carbonated drinks Homogeneous mixtures (solutions) Contain sugar, flavorings and carbon dioxide dissolved in water