TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE ARE DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO ONE ANOTHER Fluid Properties Con’t Pressure

Pressure How is it measured in process industry?

Pressure How is it measured in process industry?  PSIG – Pounds per Square Inch Gauge

Pressure How is it measured in process industry?  PSIG – Pounds per Square Inch Gauge  Pressure within a system without taking into account for atmospheric pressure

Pressure How is it measured in process industry?  PSIG – Pounds per Square Inch Gauge  Pressure within a system without taking into account for atmospheric pressure  PSIA – Pounds per Square Inch Absolute

Pressure How is it measured in process industry?  PSIG – Pounds per Square Inch Gauge  Pressure within a system without taking into account for atmospheric pressure  PSIA – Pounds per Square Inch Absolute  This is the SUM of the pressure within the system and the atmospheric pressure

Pressure How is it measured in process industry?  PSIG – Pounds per Square Inch Gauge  Pressure within a system without taking into account for atmospheric pressure  PSIA – Pounds per Square Inch Absolute  This is the SUM of the pressure within the system and the atmospheric pressure Atmospheric pressure is 14.7 sea level

Pressure of Fluids So what affects the pressure of a fluid?

Pressure of Fluids So what affects the pressure of a fluid?  Temperature -

Pressure of Fluids So what affects the pressure of a fluid?  Temperature and pressure are Directly proportional to each other. So what does that mean?

Pressure of Fluids So what affects the pressure of a fluid?  Temperature and pressure are Directly proportional to each other. So what does that mean?  As temperature increases so does pressure and if temperature decreases so too does pressure. ExampleExample

Pressure of Fluids So what affects the pressure of a fluid?  Temperature and pressure are Directly proportional to each other. So what does that mean?  As temperature increases so does pressure and if temperature decreases so too does pressure  Volume is indirectly proportional to both temperature and pressure. So what does that mean?

Pressure of Fluids So what affects the pressure of a fluid?  Temperature and pressure are Directly proportional to each other. So what does that mean?  As temperature increases so does pressure and if temperature decreases so too does pressure  Volume is indirectly proportional to both temperature and pressure. So what does that mean?  As volume is decreased temperature and pressure will increase and if volume is increased then temperature and pressure will decrease

Gravity of Fluids Gravity – expresses the weight of a fluid

Gravity of Fluids Gravity – expresses the weight of a fluid  Liquid densities are typically compared to water

Gravity of Fluids Gravity – expresses the weight of a fluid  Liquid densities are typically compared to water  API (American Petroleum Institute) Gravity measures liquid hydrocarbon densities to water

Gravity of Fluids Gravity – expresses the weight of a fluid  Liquid densities are typically compared to water  API (American Petroleum Institute) Gravity measures liquid hydrocarbon densities to water  Gas or vapor densities are compared to air

Gravity of Fluids Gravity – expresses the weight of a fluid  Liquid densities are typically compared to water  API (American Petroleum Institute) Gravity measures liquid hydrocarbon densities to water  Gas or vapor densities are compared to air Specific Gravity Specific Gravity – is a comparison of the fluid density of compound to the fluid density of a different compound that are both at the same temperature

Miscibility of Fluids Miscible – liquids of different specific gravities are able to form a mixture.

Miscibility of Fluids Miscible – liquids of different specific gravities are able to form a mixture. Immiscible – liquids of differing specific gravities that are not capable of mixing

Miscibility of Fluids Miscible – liquids of different specific gravities are able to form a mixture. Immiscible – liquids of differing specific gravities that are not capable of mixing  Solubility – the ability of a compound to dissolve in a given solvent

Miscibility of Fluids Miscible – liquids of different specific gravities are able to form a mixture. Immiscible – liquids of differing specific gravities that are not capable of mixing  Solubility – the ability of a compound to dissolve in a given solvent  Things to keep in mind:

Miscibility of Fluids Miscible – liquids of different specific gravities are able to form a mixture. Immiscible – liquids of differing specific gravities that are not capable of mixing  Solubility – the ability of a compound to dissolve in a given solvent  Things to keep in mind:  Water has a high solubility with natural gas that can cause huge problems in the processing plant = can form HYDRATESHYDRATES

Miscibility of Fluids Miscible – liquids of different specific gravities are able to form a mixture. Immiscible – liquids of differing specific gravities that are not capable of mixing  Solubility – the ability of a compound to dissolve in a given solvent  Things to keep in mind:  Water has a high solubility with natural gas that can cause huge problems in the processing plant = can form HYDRATES Problems with Clogging equipment and linesProblems with Clogging equipment and lines Ex p. 7  ALL HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS a miscible with each other

Miscibility of Fluids Miscible – liquids of different specific gravities are able to form a mixture. Immiscible – liquids of differing specific gravities that are not capable of mixing  Solubility – the ability of a compound to dissolve in a given solvent  Things to keep in mind:  Water has a high solubility with natural gas that can cause huge problems in the processing plant = can form HYDRATES  ALL HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS a miscible with each other  However they are not miscible with GLYCOL