1 Week #9 File Services DFS Overview Configuring DFS Namespaces Configuring DFS Replication Windows Server 2008 Storage Management Overview Managing Storage Using File Server Resource Manager Configuring Quota Management Implementing File Screening Managing Storage Reports

2 What Is the Distributed File System? DFS technologies include: DFS Namespaces - provide a virtual view of shared folders located on different servers DFS Replication - provides high-availability and fault-tolerance to files and folders Remote Differential Compression - provides a compression technology that is optimized for data transfers over limited-bandwidth networks The Distributed File System incorporates technologies that provide fault-tolerant access to geographically dispersed files

3 How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work User types: \\contoso.com\marketing Client computers contact a namespace server and receive a referral User types: \\contoso.com\marketing Client computers contact a namespace server and receive a referral 1 1 Client computers cache the referral and then contact the first server in the referral 2 2 Server in London User in New York DFS Replication Namespace \\Contoso.com\Marketing \\LON-SRV-01\ProjectDocs \\NYC-SRV-01\ProjectDocs User in London Server in New York Folder Targets

4 DFS Scenarios

5 Types of DFS Namespaces CharacteristicDomain-basedStand-alone Path\\Domainname\Namespace\\Servername\Namespace Location Active Directory and memory cache Server registry and memory cache Size Up to 5,000 folders with targets in Windows°2000 Server mode Up to 50,000 folders with targets in Windows°Server 2008 mode Up to 50,000 folders with targets Availability Namespace hosted on multiple servers Server cluster DFS ReplicationSupported

6 What Are Folders and Folder Targets? Folders: Are the primary elements of a namespace Have at least one folder target Folder targets include: Shared folders (\\server\share) Folders in a shared folder (\\server\share\folder) A path to another namespace (\\domainname\rootname) Namespace Server Folder Targets Namespace Root Folder Folders with Targets \\LDN-SRV-01\Tools London \\NYC-SRV-01\Tools New York \\NYC-SRV-02\Training New York \\Contoso\Public Software Tools Training Guides

7 Namespace Server Requirements A namespace server is: A domain controller or member server Windows Server™2003 or Windows Server°2008 Namespace server considerations: Must contain an NTFS volume to host the namespace Must be in the same domain if the namespace is domain-based Cannot be a clustered resource if the namespace is domain-based

8 Deploying Namespaces for Publishing Content To configure a namespace for publishing content: Optional tasks: Create a namespace 1 1 Add folder targets 3 3 Create a folder in the namespace 2 2 Set target priority to override referral ordering 5 5 Set the ordering method for targets in referrals 4 4 Enable client failback 6 6 Replicate folder targets using DFS-R 7 7 You may also need to delegate the ability to create and manage namespaces

9 Security Requirements for Creating and Managing a Namespace TaskGroup Create a domain-based namespace Domain Admins Add a namespace server to a domain-based namespace Domain Admins Manage a domain-based namespace Local Administrators on each namespace server Create a stand-alone namespace Local Administrators group on the namespace server Manage a stand-alone namespace Local Administrators group on the namespace server Implement DFS replicationDomain Admins

10 Increasing Availability of a Namespace Domain-based namespace: Specify additional namespace servers Stand-alone namespace: Create a stand-alone namespace as a cluster resource Folders: Specify additional folder targets Replicate folders using DFS Replication

11 What Is DFS Replication? Uses remote differential compression to efficiently update files over a limited-bandwidth network Detects changes on the volume by monitoring the USN journal Uses a staging folder to stage a file before sending and receiving it Uses a version vector exchange protocol to determine what files need to be synchronized Uses a conflict resolution heuristic of “last writer wins” for files that are in conflict and “earliest creator wins” for name conflicts Is self-healing and can automatically recover from failure DFS-R is a multimaster replication engine that supports replication scheduling and bandwidth throttling

12 What Are Replication Groups and Replicated Folders? Member Projects Proposals Projects Proposals Replicated Folders Projects\Spec.doc Proposals\Budget.xls Connection Replication Group A set of servers, known as members, that participate in replicating one or more replicated folders Can be configured for multipurpose or data collection purposes Replicated Folder A folder that is kept synchronized on each member

13 DFS Replication Requirements DFS-R Requirements include: The Active Directory schema must include the DFS replication objects Servers must be Windows Server°2003 R2 or Windows Server °2008, and must have the DFS replication service installed Servers in a replication group must be in the same forest Replicated folders must be stored on NTFS volumes On server clusters, replicated folders must be located in the node’s local storage Antivirus software must be compatible with DFS Replication

14 Scalability Considerations for DFS Replication Scalability considerations include: Each server can be a member of up to 256 replication groups Each replication group can contain up to 256 replicated folders Each server can have up to 256 connections The number of replication groups multiplied by the number of replicated folders multiplied by the number of simultaneously active connections must be kept to 1024 or fewer A replication group can contain up to 256 members A volume can contain up to 8 million replicated files, and a server can contain up to 1 terabyte of replicated files The maximum tested file size is 64 gigabytes

15 Process for Deploying a Multipurpose Replication Group Select the type of replication group to create 1 1 Add the replication group members 3 3 Specify the name and domain 2 2 Specify the replication group schedule and bandwidth 5 5 Specify a topology 4 4 Specify the primary member 6 6 Specify the folders to replicate and the local path on member servers 7 7

16 Understanding the Initial Replication Process Replication of DFS Replication settings 1 1 Files are moved to DfsrPrivate\PreExisting 3 3 The primary member starts replication 2 2 Primary member designation is removed 5 5 Files are compared and replicated 4 4

17 Generating Diagnostic Reports and Propagation Tests Use the Diagnostic Report Wizard to: Create a health report Start a propagation test Create a propagation report

18 Capacity and Storage Management Challenges Capacity management challenges include: Determining existing storage capacity and usage trends across the organization Determining whether usage effectively supports organizational goals Defining and implementing storage policies Adjusting the policies as capacity needs grow, and as organizational needs change Storage management challenges include: Rapid growth in storage requirements from 60 to 100% /yr Mission-critical data must be available continuously Organizations must comply with the latest regulatory requirements The number of storage-intensive applications on the market has increased

19 Addressing Capacity and Storage Management Challenges Consider the following to help address capacity and storage management challenges: Analyze how storage is being used Define storage resource management policies Implement policies to attempt to slow storage growth Acquire tools to implement policies

20 What Is File Server Resource Manager? Monitors usage patterns and utilization levels Capacity Management Restricts unauthorized files (file screening) Policy Management Provides extensive storage reports Reports File Server Resource Manager is a File Services role that integrates:

21 FSRM Functions Using FSRM, you can perform the following tasks: Create quotas to limit the space allowed for a volume or folder Have quotas automatically generated Create file screens Monitor attempts to save unauthorized files Define quota and file screening templates Generate scheduled or on-demand storage reports

22 FSRM Console Components

23 FSRM Configuration Options FSRM configuration options include: Configuring notifications Configuring the default parameters for storage reports Changing report repository locations Configuring file screen audit

24 What Is Quota Management? Notification thresholds can be configured to: Send notifications Log an event Run a command or script Generate storage reports Limiting storage space via a hard or soft quota and generating notifications when the limits are approached or exceeded

25 FSRM Quotas vs. NTFS Disk Quotas Quota Features NTFS Disk QuotasFSRM Quotas Quota Tracking Per user/per volumeBy folder or by volume Disk Usage Calculation Logical file sizeActual disk space Notification Mechanisms Event logs only , custom reports, command execution, event logs

26 What Are Quota Templates? A quota template defines: A space limit The type of quota (hard or soft quota) A set of notifications to be generated when the quota limit is approached A number of default Quota Templates are provided in the Quota Management node of FSRM

27 Creating and Modifying a Quota When creating a quota, options include: Modify a quota by: Updating quotas by editing a quota template Editing an auto quota Updating individual quotas listed in the details pane Create quota on path Auto apply template and create quotas on existing and new subfolders Dirquota {Quota | Autoquota | Template | Admin}

28 Monitoring Quota Usage You can monitor quota usage by: Viewing quota information Generating a Quota Usage report Creating soft quotas Quotas typically have an I/O performance overhead of 10 percent or less

29 What Is File Screening? The File Screening Management node allows you to: Create file screens Define file screen templates Create file screen exceptions Create file groups Provides a flexible method to control the types of files that are saved on company servers

30 What Are File Groups? A file group consists of a set of file name patterns, which are grouped into: Files to include Files to exclude Used to define a namespace for a file screen, file screen exception, or storage report

31 What Is a File Screen Exception? A file screen exception overrides any file screen that would otherwise apply to a folder and all its subfolders in a designated exception path

32 What Is a File Screen Template? A file screen template defines: Which file groups to block The type of screening to perform A set of notifications to be generated

33 What Are Storage Reports? Types of storage reports include: Large Files Files by Owner Files by File Group Duplicate Files Least Recently Used Files Most Recently Used Files Quota Usage File Screening Audit Storage reports provide information about file usage on a file server

34 What Is a Report Task? A report task specifies: You can schedule reports by creating a Report Task The volumes and folders to report on Which reports to generate What parameters to use How often to generate the reports Which file formats to save the reports in

35 Generating On-Demand Reports Use the Generate Reports Now action to open Storage Reports Task Properties and select desired reports