Cell Structure & Function Famigletti TEKS 7.12 D) Differentiate between structure and function in plant an animal cell organelles including cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, chloroplast & vacuole E) Compare the functions of a cell to the functions of organisms such as waste removal F) Recognize that according to cell theory all organism are composed of cells and cell carry on similar functions such as extracting energy from food to sustain life
Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Cells are the basic unit of life all living things share the following characteristics: Growth Response to environment Reproduce Get & use energy Get rid of waste Adapt to changes
Prokaryotic Pro- NO NO nucleus NO-membrane bound organelles Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria
Eukaryotic Eu- YOU Contain organelles surrounded by membranes, including nucleus! Most living organisms including plants & animals PlantAnimal
“Typical” Animal Cell /~ acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell
Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria Which is the prokaryote? Bacteria!
Internal Structures & their functions
Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Cell membrane protects and separates the rest of the cell from external environment. Double layer that only allows specific things through
The cell membrane is a barrier that separates a cell from the external environment.
Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance Is everywhere inside the cell membrane and outside the nuclear membrane Cytoplasm important for cell structure Water allows chemical reactions to occur Provides medium for chemical reactions and movement between organelles
Cell Structure & function Animal cells have various structures so that they may perform their individual functions to the best of their ability
Neuron The unique structure of the neuron is dedicated to the efficient and rapid transmission of neural signals.
Red blood cells Red blood cells lack a nucleus which helps them to squeeze through tight capillary spaces
Cell Movement Some cells have structures to hel them to move. These structures are cytoskeleton extensions, called cilia or flagella.