Overview of Drug Control in Foreign Countries

Drug Control in EU A. Policy Trends ■ Decriminalisation of possession of small amount of drugs for personal use or individual drug use ■ Reduction of penalty on cannabis-related offences

B. Drug use prevalence ■ lifetime prevalence ■ recent use prevalence ■ last-month use prevalence

C. Harm reduction measures ■ syringe exchange programme ■ Distribution of naloxone ■ Supervised consumption facilities ■ methadone treatment

Drug Control in Australia A. Drug policies ■ The principle of harm minimisation has formed the basis of Australia's Drug Strategy. ■ Integrated approaches including supply- reduction, demand-reduction and harm- reduction strategies.

B. Drug use prevalence ■ lifetime prevalence ■ recent use prevalence ■ last-month use prevalence

C. Harm reduction measures ■ N eedle and syringe programs ■ M edically supervised heroin injecting room ■ Methadone treatment ■ Peer-based education

Drug Control in Canada A. Drug policies a balanced approach to reducing both the demand for drugs and their supply through such activities as control and enforcement, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation, and harm reduction. a balanced approach to reducing both the demand for drugs and their supply through such activities as control and enforcement, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation, and harm reduction.

B. Drug-related offences ■ Number of people who were charged with offences under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act ■ Drugs involved in drug cases ■

C. legitimizing the medicinal use of marijuana

Drug Control in USA A. Drug policy ■ stopping initiation ■ reducing abuse and addiction ■ disrupting the market of illegal drugs

Drug Control in the Netherlands A. Drug policies ■ Drug policy in the Netherlands is based on minimizing risk and reducing harm. ■ Drug policy in the Netherlands has four major objectives: (1) prevention of drug use and treatment and rehabilitation of addicts; (1) prevention of drug use and treatment and rehabilitation of addicts; (2) reduction of harm to drug users; (2) reduction of harm to drug users; (3) diminishing public nuisance caused by drug users (i.e. disturbance of public order and safety in the neighbourhood); (3) diminishing public nuisance caused by drug users (i.e. disturbance of public order and safety in the neighbourhood); (4)and combating the production and trafficking of drugs." (4)and combating the production and trafficking of drugs."

B. Drug use prevalence ■ The number of opiate addicts in the Netherlands ■ The number of opiate addicts in the Netherlands ■ Drug use among young people aged ■ Injecting behaviour among drug users in the Netherlands ■ The ratio of drug-related deaths in The Netherlands

C. Harm reduction measures ■ Coffee shops ■ Syringe exchange services ■ Safe Injection Rooms/User Rooms

Drug Control in Sweden A. Drug policy ■ The Drug policy of Sweden is one of zero tolerance, including cannabis. The policy focuses on prevention, treatment and control. It aims to reduce both the supply and the demand of narcotics. Drug policyzero tolerancecannabisDrug policyzero tolerancecannabis ■ The development of restrictive policy on drugs

B. Drug use prevalence ■ lifetime prevalence ■ recent use prevalence ■ last-month use prevalence

C. Some developments ■ Closing down two needle exchange programmes ■ Persons younger than 15 years old shall be tested

Drug Control in UK A. Drug policy ■ To help young people resist drug misuse in order to achieve their full potential in society. ■ To protect our communities from drug-related anti- social and criminal behaviour. ■ To enable people with drugs problems to overcome them and live healthy and crime free lives. ■ To stifle the availability of illegal drugs on our streets. ■ Amending Misuse of Drugs Act 1971

B. Drug use prevalence ■ lifetime prevalence ■ recent use prevalence ■ last-month use prevalence C. Policy on marijuana-based medication