Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter2- 4 Understanding Memory http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Eprom.jpg/800px-Eprom.jpg Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter2- 4

Memory Bytes and Addressable memory Memory Sizes Types of Memory RAM Cache ROM Flash Memory CMOS Memory Access Time

Differentiate among the various types of memory Objective Overview Differentiate among the various types of memory Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2-4 See Page 209 for Detailed Objectives

Memory Memory consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data Stores three basic categories of items: The operating system and other system software Application programs Data being processed and the resulting information Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 Page 223

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 Memory Each location in memory has an address Memory size is measured in kilobytes (KB or K), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), or terabytes (TB) Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 Page 223 Figure 4-17

Memory Volatile memory Nonvolatile memory The system unit contains two types of memory: Volatile memory Loses its contents when power is turned off Example includes RAM Nonvolatile memory Does not lose contents when power is removed Examples include ROM, flash memory, and CMOS Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 Pages 223 - 224

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 Memory Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 Page 224 Figure 4-18

Memory Three basic types of RAM chips exist: Dynamic RAM (DRAM) Static RAM (SRAM) Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 Page 225 Figure 4-19

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 Memory RAM chips usually reside on a memory module and are inserted into memory slots Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 Page 225 Figure 4-20

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 Memory The amount of RAM necessary in a computer often depends on the types of software you plan to use Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 Page 226 Figure 4-21

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 Memory Memory cache speeds the processes of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 Page 227 Figure 4-22

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 Memory Read-only memory (ROM) refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions Firmware A PROM (programmable read-only memory) chip is a blank ROM chip that can be written to permanently EEPROM can be erased Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 Page 228

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 Memory Flash memory can be erased electronically and rewritten CMOS technology provides high speeds and consumes little power Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 Pages 228 – 229 Figure 4-23

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 Memory Access time is the amount of time it takes the processor to read from memory Measured in nanoseconds Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 Page 229 Figures 4-24 – 4-25

Putting It All Together Intel Core i5 or Intel Core 2 i3 or AMD Athlon II or AMD Sempron Home Minimum RAM: 2 GB Intel Core i7 or Intel Core i7 Extreme or AMD Phenom II or AMD Athlon II Small Office/ Home Office Minimum RAM: 4 GB Intel Core i7 Extreme or Intel Core i7 or AMD Phenom II or AMD Turion II Mobile Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 Page 239 Figure 4-38

Putting It All Together Minimum RAM: 8 GB Intel Xeon or Intel Itanium or AMD Opteron Power Intel Core i7 or Intel Core i7 Extreme or AMD Phenom II or AMD Athlon II Enterprise Minimum RAM: 4 GB Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 Page 239 Figure 4-38

Keeping Your Computer or Mobile Device Clean Clean your computer or mobile device once or twice a year Turn off and unplug your computer or mobile device before cleaning it Use compressed air to blow away dust Use an antistatic wipe to clean the exterior of the case and a cleaning solution and soft cloth to clean the screen Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 Page 240

Video: The Leopard with a Time Machine CLICK TO START Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4

Differentiate among the various types of memory Summary Differentiate among the various types of memory Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 Page 241

Chapter 2Complete