Agriscience Applications Animal Science Agriscience Applications

Objective Investigate careers related to the field of animal science

Careers in Agriscience Most entry-level jobs require a high school diploma 20% require college degrees Some careers require advanced degrees Veterinarian Highly technical task (embryo transfer) High school agriculture class is a good start

Veterinarian

Embryo Transfer Technicians

Objective Examine tools related to the animal science industry

Animal Science Tools Candling Light Castration tools View the interior of eggs Castration tools Burdizzo Castrator Artificial Insemination Artificial vagina to collect semen Insemination straw for the disposition of semen into the female

Egg Candling

Egg Candling

Semen Collection

Ear Notching

Animal Science Tools Management tools Dehorner Rectal thermometer Syringe for injections “V” notcher for identification of swine

Animal Science Tools                              

Objective Analyze the various breeds of beef, swine and poultry as related to use and the economic value of each

Beef Breeds English Breeds (European, Bos taurus) Angus- black breed with excellent meat quality Hereford- red with a white face Shorthorn- used in the bloodline of more than 30 other breeds

Angus

Beef Breeds Exotic Breeds (India, Bos indicus) Grow faster than English breeds Leaner meat Brahman, BeefMaster, Brangus

Brahman

Beef Breeds Breeds in America have been developed by crossing (breeding) English and Exotic Breeds from India Resulted in: Increased heat tolerance Parasite (worms, lice) resistance Resist disease

Dairy Breeds Holstein 90% of the dairy cattle in the US Black and white Leading producer of milk Produce about 18,000 lbs. Of milk per cow per year

Dairy Breeds Other Breeds Guernsey- fawn and white Jersey- cream to light fawn to almost black Number one in milk fat Ayrshire-cherry red and white Brown Swiss- solid brown

Holstein

Jersey

Swine and Poultry Breeds Objective: Analyze the difference between swine and poultry

Swine Breeds American Landrace Duroc Chester White Hampshire Yorkshire

American Landrace

Duroc

Chester White

Hampshire

Yorkshire

Swine Industry The swine industry has changed from the lard type hog to a lean type demanded by consumers today Types of operations: Feeder-pig Market-hog Farrow to Finish

Swine Industry Purebred producers produce high quality boars: Improves the genetic make-up Purebreds are crossed with regular sows to increase hybrid vigor

Poultry Production Classified as: Broilers Layers egg producers White Leghorn are used mostly for egg production

White Leghorn Rooster

Poultry Industry Another Class of Chicken is the Bantam Miniature versions of standard breeds Primarily for show 90% of the turkeys grown are broad breasted whites

Poultry Industry Dutch Bantam Chicken

Pop-Quiz Provide an explanation for the term “farrow.” What is the breed of cattle that leads in milk production? What breed of cattle is know for producing the most milk fat? What is the most common breed of laying chicken? Describe the term “hybrid vigor.”

Animal Nutrition Objective: Determine the nutritional requirements for livestock and poultry breeds found in North Carolina

Major Nutrients Water Protein Carbohydrates Minerals Vitamins Fats and Oils

Water Largest component of all living things Animals tissue is about 75% Regulates body temperature Perspiration Transports nutrients Involved in all biochemical reactions                           

Proteins Major component of muscles and tissues Made up of amino acids Continuously needed to replace dying body cells Young animals need large amounts for growth

Carbohydrates Composed of sugar and starches Provide energy and heat Make up 75% of most animal rations Main source: Corn Cereal grains

Minerals 15 essential minerals: Minerals are supplied by: Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, etc. Example: calcium is needed in poultry for eggshell development Minerals are supplied by: Naturally Mineral supplements Mineral (lick) blocks

Vitamins Needed in small quantities Need for vitamins varies from species to species Sources: Naturally found in feed Feed additives made from animal by-products Made by the body itself

Fats and Oils Only needed in small amounts Improves: Flavor Palatability Texture Increases fattening and milk production Carriers of some vitamins

Classes of Feed Concentrates Roughages (high fiber) Low in fiber Cereal grains Animal and Plant by-products Roughages (high fiber) Dry roughage is hay Green roughage includes pastures Silage is roughage fermented from green chop

TDN Total Digestible Nutrients Concentrates are high in TDN Roughages are low in TDN

Assignment Read pages 484 to 499 Complete Self Evaluation page 499 and page 500 Complete both section A and B

Animal Digestive Systems Objective: Compare animal digestive systems of beef, swine, and poultry

Ruminant Digestive System Ruminants Ruminant Digestive System

Ruminants Cattle, sheep, goats, deer Four compartments to their stomach Can eat more roughage in their diet Grass Hay Silage Green Chop

Simple Digestive System Monogastric Simple Digestive System

Monogastric Swine, horses, rabbits, humans Stomach has one compartment Rations must be high in concentrates Grains Corn Animals can not digest large amounts of fiber or roughage

Poultry                                    Chickens Turkeys Ducks Geese

Poultry No true stomach Can not store large amounts of food Birds do not have teeth for chewing Food is swallowed whole Stored in crop Ground up in the gizzard

Pop Quiz Provide an explanation for the term “farrow.” What is the breed of cattle that leads in milk production? What breed of cattle is know for producing the most milk fat? What is the most common breed of laying chicken? Describe the term “hybrid vigor.”

Pop Quiz What nutrient is responsible for muscle growth? What nutrient makes up 75% of most animals body? What nutrient is made of sugar and starches? What nutrient carries fat soluble vitamins? What type of animal has four compartments to it’s stomach.