McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Master Card EXP 00/00 VISA EXP 00/00 Jerry R. Hobbs American Express EXP 00/00 Jerry R. Hobbs DAML-S Delivery DAML-S A DAML+OIL Ontology for Web Services Brought to you by the DAML-S Web Services Coalition Image compliments of Hobbs & Connolly, SRI

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 DAML-S Briefing DAML-S Web Services Coalition presented by: Sheila A. McIlraith Knowledge Systems Laboratory (KSL) Stanford University

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 DAML-S Web Services Coalition * CMU: Massimo Paolucci, Terry Payne, Katia Sycara BBN: Mark Burstein Nokia: Ora Lassila Stanford KSL: Sheila McIlraith, Honglei Zeng SRI: Jerry Hobbs, David Martin, Srini Narayanan Yale: Drew McDermott Manchester: Ian Horrocks * Founded February, 2001

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 What is DAML-S? DAML-S: A DARPA Agent Markup Language for Services DAML+OIL Ontology for (Web) services AI-inspired markup language: tailored to the representational needs of Services expressive power well-defined semantics ontologies support reuse, mapping, succinct markup,... Release of DAML-S version 0.5 June,2001

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Layered Approach to Language Development DAML-S (Services) DAML-L (Logic) XML (Extensible Markup Language) RDF (Resource Description Framework) RDFS (RDF Schema) DAML+OIL (Ontology) DAML-SL The first major application of DAML+OIL

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 DAML-S Objectives Provide an upper ontology for describing properties & capabilities of (Web) services in an unambiguous, computer interpretable markup language. Desiderata: the ontology of Web services ease of expressiveness enables automation of service use by agents enables reasoning about service properties and capabilities

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Automation Enabled by DAML-S Web service discovery Find me a shipping service that transports goods to Dubai. Web service invocation Buy me 500 lbs. powdered milk from Web service selection, composition and interoperation Arrange food for 500 people for 2 weeks in Dubai. Web service execution monitoring Has the powdered milk been ordered and paid for yet?

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Who Will Use DAML-S? Web service providers (e.g., Amazon, Intelink, United Airlines) mark up their services 3rd party Web page designers (e.g., Web Designers) mark up clients services 2nd-ary Web service providers (e.g., Travelocity, My Simon) exploit others services to create add-on services use/write agent software to find/execute/compose other services Web service end users (e.g., Joe, Analysts) characterize their needs use/write agent software to find/execute/compose services

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Upper Ontology of Services Ontology images compliments of Terry Payne, CMU

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 High-level description of a service and its provider description of service (human readable) specification of functionalities service provides functional attributes (requirements and capabilities) Profile used for populating service registries automated service discovery matchmaking Service Profile

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Service Profile AcmeShipping nameAcme Shipping Ltd. physicalAddress 3333 Travis Road Manchester, NH webURLwww.acmeship.com

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Service Profile A service is provided by an Actor (service provider) E.g., AcmeBookShipping is provided by AcmeShipping

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Service Profile AcmeBookShipping providedBy AcmeShipping geographicRadius USA input CustomerName Origin Dest DelDate... outputConfirmationNumber when successful... precondition effectloc(Goods, Dest, DelDate) when successful

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Upper Ontology of Services

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Service Model

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Service Model How does it work? Each service is conceived as simple or composite process (event/action) Associated with each service is a set of inputs, outputs, preconditions and effects (function and action metaphor) Composite processes are compositions of simple or other composite processes in terms of constructs such as sequence, if-then-else, fork,... Data flow and Control flow should be described for each composite service A black box and glass box view are given of each composite service Process model used for: (automated) Web service invocation, composition, interoperation, monitoring (potentially together w/ grounding). Process Model

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Acme Book Truck Shipment Function/Dataflow Metaphor Input: confirmation no.... Output: failure notification … truck available + valid credit card Y N ? customer name origin destination weight pickup date...

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 AI-inspired Action/Process Metaphor Input: confirmation no.... Output: failure notification … truck available + valid credit card Y N ? Preconditions: customer name origin destination pickup date... knowledge of the input... goods at location if successful credit card debited... Effect: Output: Effect: Acme Book Truck Shipment

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 AcmeTruckShpng book flight service customer name flight numbers dates credit card no.... confirmation no.... failure notification errror information … ? book hotel service confirmation no. dates room type credit card no.... confirmation no.... failure notification … ? book car service customer name location car type dates credit card no.... confirmation no.... failure notification … ? Composite Process ? Input & Preconditions Output & Effects

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Composite Process truck available + valid credit card Y N Confirm Shipping Region Get Quote Get Shipping Dates Book Truck Shipment Acme Truck Shipping Service expands AcmeTruckShpngExpandedAcmeTruckShpng

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 AcmeTruckShpng ExpAcmeTruckShpng expand

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Upper Ontology of Services

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Service Grounding (under development) Specification of service access information specifies communication protocols, transport mechanisms, etc. E.g., SOAP, HTTP forms, Java RMI, RPC, etc.

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Review: Upper Ontology of Services

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Exploiting Ontologies of Services Service Shipping BuyBook AmazonBuyBook CongoBuyBook BuyTicket BuyAirTicket Purchase AirShipping TruckShipping BoatShipping AcmeTruckShipping BuyConcertTicket

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Related Work Related Industrial Initiatives UDDI ebXML WSDL.Net XLANG Biztalk, e-speak, etc These XML-based initiatives are currently complementary to DAML-S. DAML-S intends to build on top of these efforts exploiting increased expressiveness, semantics, inference that enables automation. Related Academics Efforts Process Algebras (e.g., Pi Calculus) Process Specification Language (Hoare Logic, PSL) Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL) Business Process Modeling (e.g., BMPL)

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Tools and Applications DAML-S provides a means of describing Web services. Its just another DAML+OIL ontology all the tools and technologies that exist for DAML+OIL are relevant Some DAML-S Specific Tools and Technologies: Extending DAML-S: DAML-S Coalition (security, symbol grounding, …) Discovery, Matchmaking, Agent Brokering: CMU, SRI (OAA), Stanford KSL Automated Web Service Composition: Stanford KSL, BBN/Yale/Kestrel, CMU, MIT, Nokia, SRI DAML-S Editor: Stanford KSL, SRI, CMU (profiles), Manchester Process Modeling Tools & Reasoning: SRI, Stanford KSL Service Enactment /Simulation: SRI, Stanford KSL

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Challenges Technical Issues DAML+OIL not sufficient for the process model Laundry list of unaddressed & resolved issues (SRI & CMU will mention some this afternoon) (some will be mentioned in Breakout tomorrow) Connecting with Industry Initiatives & with User Community need to connect DAML-S with industry initiatives need people in industry (& in DAML) to mark up services with DAML-S concern: industrys lack of adoption of RDF Tools availability DAML+OIL reasoner DAML-S editor

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Challenges Technical Issues DAML+OIL not sufficient for the process model Laundry list of unaddressed & resolved issues messages, synchronization, conversation protocols, exceptions and transaction, multiple participants, scripts, unification/binding, constraints, ontologies of processes, service grounding,... Connecting with Industry Initiatives & with User Community need to connect DAML-S with industry initiatives need people in industry (& in DAML) to mark up services with DAML-S concern: industrys lack of adoption of RDF Tools availability DAML+OIL reasoner DAML-S editor

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Challenges Technical Issues DAML+OIL not sufficient for the process model Laundry list of unaddressed & resolved issues (SRI & CMU will mention some this afternoon) (some will be mentioned in Breakout tomorrow) Connecting with Industry Initiatives & with User Community need to connect DAML-S with industry initiatives need people in industry (& in DAML) to mark up services with DAML-S concern: industrys lack of adoption of RDF Tools availability DAML+OIL reasoner DAML-S editor

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Status: DAML-S version 0.5 released June, Please get involved! Break-out Session (Friday) *** Try DAML-S for your application *** give feedback *** DAML-S version 0.5 and related papers mailing list (technical discussions) (announcements) We Want Your Input!

McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01 Acknowledgements Slides created by Sheila McIlraith, KSL Stanford Page 1 graphic created by Jerry Hobbs & Kelli Connolly, SRI Ontology images created by Terry Payne, CMU