The Knee & Related Structures Chapter 20 Review The Knee & Related Structures

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The ligament that protects the knee from a valgus stress and external rotational forces is the: A. Anterior cruciate ligament B. Posterior cruciate ligament C. Medial collateral ligament D. Lateral collateral ligament

The strongest cruciate ligament of the knee is the: A. Anterior cruciate B. Posterior cruciate C. Arcuate cruciate D. Lateral cruciate

Q angles, for males and females, that exceed degrees are be considered excessive and may lead to patellar tracking problems. A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20

When measuring for a functional leg-length discrepancy, one should take the measurements from: A. The greater trochanter to the lateral malleolus B. The umbilicus to the medial malleolus C. The anterior superior iliac spine to the lateral malleolus D. The posterior superior iliac spine to the medial malleolus

Anterior gliding of the tibial plateau in relation to the femur is called: A. Shifting B. Translation C. Flexibility D. Laxity

The Lachman test is used to evaluate stability of the: A. Medial collateral ligament B. Anterior cruciate ligament C. Meniscus D. Patellar femoral joint

Running, turning, figure-eights, backing up, and stopping are what types of test? A. Muscle strength B. Stress C. Functional D. Range of motion

An anterior drawer test with the lower leg internally rotated 30 degrees tests for possible damage to: A. Medial collateral ligament and posterolateral capsule B. Anterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral capsule C. Lateral collateral ligament and posteromedial capsule D. Anterior cruciate ligament and posteromedial capsule

In the patellar compression test, what position is the knee in? A. Fully extended with the leg resting comfortably on the table B. Flexed at 90 degrees over the end of the table C. Flexed at 20 degrees with a towel placed underneath the knee D. Flexed at 45 degrees with the hip also flexed at 45 degrees

A rehabilitative brace is typically worn: A. 2 to 4 weeks post surgery B. 4 to 8 weeks post surgery C. 8-10 weeks post surgery D. 3 to 6 weeks post surgery

A gradual degenerative condition affecting the underside of the patella is called: A. Patellaritis B. Chondromalacia patella C. Osteochondritis dissecans D. Osgood-Schlatter's disease

The mechanism of injury that leaves the posterior cruciate ligament at greatest risk for injury is: A. Hyperextension of the knee B. Falling with the knee bent and the foot dorsiflexed C. Landing on the anterior aspect of the bent knee with the foot plantarflexed D. A valgus stress with the knee fully extended

A painful condition involving partial or complete separation of a piece of articular cartilage or subchondral bone is: A. Joint mice B. Osteochondritis dissecans C. Osgood-Schlatter disease D. Larsen-Johansson disease

A condition common to runners and cyclists having genu varum (pronated feet) that leads to pain and irritation over the lateral femoral condyle is: A. Pes anserinus tendinitis B. Jumper's knee C. Iliotibial band syndrome D. Biceps femoris tendonitis

Which of the following is the most common direction for the patella to sublux? A. Laterally B. Superiorly C. Medially D. Inferiorly

Both varus and valgus stress tests may be successfully performed if done only in the fully extended position.

The Lachman drawer test is preferred over other drawer tests for immediately after an injury due to decrease range of motion.

The pivot-shift test is designed to determine anterolateral rotary instability; and is often used in evaluating chronic conditions of the ACL.

BONUS The McMurray test is used to determine the presence of loose bodies in the knee and is performed by having the athlete lie face down with the affected knee at 90 degrees flexion and compressing downward on the injured leg.

One of the most important aspects of a good evaluation is understanding the mechanism of injury by taking a good history.

Most acute dislocations occur medially.

The infrapatellar fat pad often becomes wedged between the knee articulations by constant kneeling or traumatized by direct blows.

Most patellar fractures are the result of indirect trauma in which a severe pull of the patellar tendon occurs against the femur when the knee is semiflexed.

The medial meniscus is prone to disruption by valgus and torsional forces.

An acute patellar dislocation is often associated with the sudden twisting of the body while the foot or feet are planted.

Fx of cartilage and underlying bone (snap)

Pain on joint line, may have locking

Partial/ complete separation of cartilage

Hx of knee pain, pseudo-locking

Blow to the muscle crossing the joint

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List and describe the various tests for an ACL