The Judicial Branch A Review
Terms to know Jurisdiction Exclusive jurisdiction Concurrent jurisdiction Plaintiff Defendant Original jurisdiction Appellate jurisdiction
Questions You Should be able to answer 1) Why was the Judicial Branch created? 2) What is the dual court system? 3) What are the two kinds of federal courts? 4) What is the authority of a court to hear and decide a case? 5) How is it decided whether to hear a case in a federal court?
Questions you should be able answer, continued… 6) What are the two areas of jurisdiction? 7) What is original jurisdiction? 8) What is appellate jurisdiction? 9) What is the difference between a plaintiff and a defendant? 10) What are the inferior courts? 11) What are district courts? 12) What are the Courts of Appeal?
Questions, cont. 13) What is the Supreme Court? 14) Who appoints federal judges? 15) What is the case that decided judicial review? 16) What is judicial review? 17) What are the principles of judicial review?
Why was the judicial Branch created? There was no way to try cases under the Articles of Confederation The Judicial Branch serves to interpret the laws of our nation
What is a dual court system? Federal Courts Constitutional Courts Special Courts Supreme Court State Courts
What are the two kinds of federal courts? Constitutional Courts (Regular Courts) These are courts that hear most of the cases arising under the law Special Courts These courts hear cases that arise out of the legislative expressed powers Examples: Tax Courts, Court of Veteran Appeals
What is the authority of a court to hear and decide a case? Jurisdiction
When is a case heard in a federal court? Subject Matter Questions about the Constitution Maritime issues Parties Anytime the case involves: The United States government Representatives of a foreign government State disagreements
Exclusive Concurrent Types of Jurisdiction Cases heard only in federal courts Example: federal crimes, ambassadors, patent violations Concurrent Cases heard both in federal and state courts Example: a cases involving citizens of different states
What is original jurisdiction? The court where a case is first heard
What is appellate jurisdiction? A court that hears an appeal from a lower court
What is the difference between a Plaintiff Defendant
What are the inferior courts? The lower courts Examples: The district courts The Court of Appeals
What are district courts? Federal trial courts There is at least one district court in each state…more than one district court when there is a large population There are 91 district courts
Who appoints district court judges? The President appoints judges There are 632 district court judges They are appointed for life
What is the Court of Appeals? They are the “gate-keepers” to the Supreme Court Most appeals cases are heard in these courts There are 12 Appeals Courts
Who appoints Court of Appeal Judges? The president appoints these judges There are 36 circuit (court of appeal)judges They serve for life
What is the Supreme Court? This is the Court of Last Resort All decisions of the Supreme Court are final Only a Supreme Court decision can overturn another Supreme Court decision
Who appoints Supreme Court Justices? The President of the United States There are 9 members of the Supreme Court THE PRESIDENT APPOINTS ALL FEDERAL JUDGES…THE SENATE CONFIRMS ALL THOSE APPOINTMENTS
What is judicial review? The Federal Court can review the actions of the legislative and executive branches What case decided on Judicial Review? Marbury v. Madision
What are the three main principles of Judicial Review? 1) The Constitution is the Supreme Law of our land 2)All actions of the government are subordinate to the Constitution 3)The Judicial branch is sworn to uphold the Supreme Law of our land…therefore it can refuse the actions of any branch of government if it conflicts with the Constitution
Questions You Should be able to answer 1) Why was the Judicial Branch created? 2) What is the dual court system? 3) What are the two kinds of federal courts? 4) What is the authority of a court to hear and decide a case? 5) How is it decided whether to hear a case in a federal court?
Questions you should be able answer, continued… 6) What are the two areas of jurisdiction? 7) What is original jurisdiction? 8) What is appellate jurisdiction? 9) What is the difference between a plaintiff and a defendant? 10) What are the inferior courts? 11) What are district courts? 12) What are the Courts of Appeal?
Questions, cont. 13) What is the Supreme Court? 14) Who appoints federal judges? 15) What is the case that decided judicial review? 16) What is judicial review? 17) What are the principles of judicial review?
Terms to know Jurisdiction Exclusive jurisdiction Concurrent jurisdiction Plaintiff Defendant Original jurisdiction Appellate jurisdiction