HPV Related Disease Ginny Ryan

What Is HPV? The human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the U.S. – 79 million Americans infected Transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact during vaginal, anal, or oral sex HPV infects both males and females and usually causes no symptoms HPV can cause genital (and other) warts; the more serious subtypes of HPV can cause cancer 2

HPV and Cervical Cancer Cancer is a disease in which cells within the body begin to grow and spread uncontrollably Cervical cancer starts in the cervix, which is the lower end of the uterus – 2 nd most common cancer in women worldwide – 10,300 new cases each year in U.S. HPV types 16 and 18 are responsible for the majority of HPV-caused cancers and account for approximately five percent of all cancers worldwide 3

HPV Prevention HPV can be prevented – Vaccination and abstinence are the only proven effective ways to prevent infection – Research has shown that correct and consistent use of condoms MAY reduce the transmission of HPV between sexual partners Vaccination could prevent 22,000 cancers each year in the U.S. 4

FDA Approved Gardisil™ Protects against 4 subtypes of HPV – 6, 11, 16, 18 Approved for young males and females, ages 9-26 Approved in 2006 for females, 2009 for males Approved for prevention of genital warts, cervical and anogenital cancers Cervarix™ Protects against HPV subtypes 16 and 18 Approved for young females only, ages 9-25 Approved in 2009 Approved for prevention of cervical and anogenital cancers 5

Vaccines Three injections over a period of six months Best completed BEFORE any sexual activity – Still useful if completed after Effective Safe 6

7 Percent of adolescents receiving vaccine – Younger girls – African American girls – Hispanic girls – Girls from lower income families – Boys Those least likely to receive the vaccine…

Effective Despite low vaccine uptake in U.S. – HPV infection among teens↓50%; ↓88% in vaccinated girls – Expected to lead to decrease in cancers in the future In Australia – Government-funded, school-based national Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Program – Estimated 70% of teens have received 3 doses – Prevalence of HPV 6, 11, 16, 18 decreased from 29% to 7%; genital warts have also decreased 8

Safe 111 million doses distributed in U.S. Adverse events very closely monitored Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System at CDC include 390,800 events: – 91% fainting, pain and swelling (non-serious) – 9% serious (death (27), permanent disability, hospitalization) No cause-and-effect relationship found 9

Talk with Your Provider HPV vaccine is primary prevention It is still important for women to have routine cervical screenings in order to detect any pre- cancer (called secondary prevention) or cancer in its earliest form (called tertiary prevention) 10

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