Stream Monitoring Toolbox Begin here This tool is designed to help watershed councils, concerned citizen groups, students and instructors within the Lower Grand River watershed, make decisions about monitoring their stream. This tool will lead you step by step through a decision-making process by following these instructions:  For each slide, select the best option by clicking your mouse on the arrow beside your choice.  At any point, you can return to the previously viewed slide by using the arrow in the top left corner of each slide. However, the system will not allow you to return to a succession of previously viewed slides, only to the previous slide viewed.  At any point, you can return to the beginning of the decision-making process by using the ‘return to start’ arrow at the top right corner of each slide.  At various points, there are highlighted terms with which you may be unfamiliar. By clicking your mouse on the term, you can read an explanation of each term. If you have questions or comments, contact West Michigan Environmental Action Council:

Not sure Why do you want to monitor your stream? To protect or restore conditions A problem has been observed, is suspected, or stream is not supporting its designated use designated use previous slide back to start

Has a problem been documented? YesNo What is the nature of the documented problem? 1. Nutrients (eg. phosphorus or excess algae)phosphorus 2. Pathogens/BacteriaPathogens/Bacteria 3. SedimentationSedimentation 4. Dissolved OxygenDissolved Oxygen 5. TemperatureTemperature 6. OdorOdor 7. Water ClarityWater Clarity 8. FlowFlow 9. MacroinvertebratesMacroinvertebrates 10. Toxics Conduct a baseline screening assessment 11. Fisheries previous slide back to start

Is there currently a TMDL regulation for Phosphorus/Nutrients in your stream?TMDLPhosphorus/Nutrients YesNo There is a TMDL regulation (scheduled or approved) for nutrients/phosphorus in this stream. There is not a TMDL regulation for nutrients/phosphorus in this stream. Not sure previous slide back to start Phosphorus/Nutrients

Is there currently a TMDL regulation for Pathogens/Bacteria in your stream?TMDLPathogens/Bacteria YesNo There is a TMDL regulation (scheduled or approved) for bacteria in this stream. There is not a TMDL regulation for pathogens/bacteria in this stream. Not sure previous slide back to start Pathogens/Bacteria

Is there currently a TMDL set for this stream to address the impact of Sedimentation?TMDLSedimentation YesNo There is a TMDL regulation (scheduled or approved) addressing the impact of excess sediment in this stream. There is not a TMDL regulation in place that addresses the impact of excess sediment in this stream. Not sure previous slide back to start Sedimentation

Is Dissolved Oxygen currently regulated by a TMDL in your stream?Dissolved Oxygen TMDL YesNo There is not a TMDL regulation in place that addresses dissolved oxygen in this stream. Not sure previous slide back to start Dissolved Oxygen There is a TMDL regulation (scheduled or approved) addressing dissolved oxygen in this stream.

YesNo There is a TMDL regulation (scheduled or approved) addressing temperature in this stream. There is not a TMDL regulation in place that addresses the impact of temperature in this stream. Not sure Is Temperature currently regulated with a TMDL in your stream?TMDL Temperature previous slide back to start

Is this stream currently regulated by a TMDL on the basis of unacceptable stream Flow?TMDL YesNo There is a TMDL regulation (scheduled or approved) addressing flow for this stream. There is not a TMDL regulation in place addressing flow in this stream. Not sure Flow previous slide back to start

Is this stream regulated by a TMDL on the basis of a poor Macroinvertebrate community?TMDL YesNo Not sure Macroinvertebrates There is a TMDL regulation (scheduled or approved) addressing the macroinvertebrate community in this stream. There is not a TMDL regulation in place addressing macroinvertebrates in this stream. previous slide back to start

Is this stream regulated by a TMDL for toxic contamination?TMDL YesNo Not sure Toxics There is a TMDL regulation (scheduled or approved) addressing toxic contamination in this stream. There is not a TMDL regulation in place addressing toxic contamination in this stream. previous slide back to start

Consult the Watershed Assessment Matrix (WAM) of the Lower Grand River Watershed Management Plan. Identify your stream in the “Major Watershed” or “Subwatershed” column to find pertinent TMDL information. previous slide back to start

Conduct an assessment. Consider measuring the following parameters: 1. PhosphorusPhosphorus 2. Bacteria/pathogensBacteria/pathogens 3. Sediment/SubstrateSediment/Substrate 4. Dissolved OxygenDissolved Oxygen 5. TemperatureTemperature 6. HabitatHabitat 7. FlowFlow 8. MacroinvertebratesMacroinvertebrates previous slide back to start

Conduct an assessment. Consider measuring the following parameters: 1. PhosphorusPhosphorus 2. BacteriaBacteria 3. Dissolved OxygenDissolved Oxygen Odor previous slide back to start

Are changes in Water Clarity most notable after storm events? Water Clarity previous slide back to start YesNo Determine storm-related source of input Determine source of input un- related to storm event

Complete Habitat Assessment using Michigan Clean Water Corps Procedure (MiCorps) Habitat previous slide back to start MiCorps Habitat Assessment Procedure Habitat Assessment Data Sheet

Search for existing data on MDNRE Surface Water Information Management System previous slide back to start

What is the nature of the suspected/observed problem? 1. Changes in algal growthalgal growth 2. SedimentationSedimentation 3. OdorOdor 4. Change in water claritywater clarity 5. Change in temperature regimetemperature 6. Change in flow patternflow 7. Change in fisheries previous slide back to start

Contact your regional MDNRE Fisheries Biologist previous slide back to start

Contact your District MDNRE representative to discuss TMDL regulations or sampling strategy.TMDL previous slide back to start Choose one of the following: Contact the local municipality for information regarding relevant NPDES permits and TMDL regulations. NPDES Contact a representative from the Lower Grand River Organization of Watersheds with questions or to discuss other matters.

Contact your District MDNRE biologist to discuss current conditions and existing data. It is not recommended that volunteers attempt to sample waters that are impacted with toxic contamination. Contact your District MDNRE representative to discuss. previous slide back to start

A watershed-scale spatial assessment will allow you to determine how conditions vary throughout the watershed. This may be helpful in determining the source of problem areas by comparing locations of extreme conditions, or detecting spatial patterns. previous slide back to start

A temporal trend assessment will allow you to determine how conditions vary over time (eg. from year to year). This may be helpful in determining whether conditions are worsening or improving, or whether there are new impacts or loadings being introduced to the stream. previous slide back to start

What is the scope of your monitoring objective? Watershed-scale spatial assessment. BMPBMP Effectiveness. Temporal trend assessment. Education. Stream segment assessment. Problem identification. ? ? Phosphorus ? ? previous slide back to start

Sampling Strategy for Watershed-scale Phosphorus Monitoring MethodsSite Selection Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations For data that will be useful to decision makers, use a method that measures Total Phosphorus (P) with a detection limit of 0.01 mg/L (eg. standard lab analysis (EPA or equivalent).EPA Consider measuring Dissolved P in addition to Total P to determine possible sources. Sample at downstream ends of major tributaries & suspected problem areas. Sample during dry weather only; at least samples per year Concentrations > 0.03 mg/L indicate a problem Chemical analyses need to be done in a laboratory. Phosphorus test kits are not recommended for surface waters; their detection limits are too high. Volunteers can fill sample bottles and have a certified laboratory do the analyses.certified laboratory If the Total P is mostly Dissolved P, P sources could include synthetic fertilizers or septic; if not, sources could include eroded soil or other runoff. Phosphorus previous slide back to start

Sampling Strategy for Stream Segment-scale Phosphorus Monitoring Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations For data that will be useful to decision makers, use a method that measures Total Phosphorus (P) with a detection limit of 0.01 mg/L (eg. standard lab analysis (EPA or equivalent).EPA Consider measuring Dissolved P in addition to Total P to determine possible sources. Sample upstream & downstream from problem areas and suspected problem sites. During dry weather; take at least 8-10 grab samples per year (taken at same location each time). During wet weather, sample multiple storms throughout the year, collecting multiple samples across the hydrograph. A rain gage and automated samplers are recommended. Concentrations > 0.03 mg/L indicate a problem. Chemical analyses need to be done in a laboratory. Phosphorus test kits are not recommended for surface waters; their detection limits are too high. Volunteers can fill sample bottles and have a certified laboratory do the analyses.certified laboratory If the Total P is mostly Dissolved P, P sources could include synthetic fertilizers or septics; if not, sources could include eroded soil or other runoff. Phosphorus Site Selection previous slide back to start

Sampling Strategy for Temporal Trend Phosphorus Monitoring MethodsSite Selection Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations For data that will be useful to decision makers, use a method that measures Total Phosphorus (P) with a detection limit of 0.01 mg/L (eg. standard lab analysis (EPA or equivalent).EPA Consider measuring Dissolved P in addition to Total P to determine possible sources. Site selection is watershed specific; sample at potential problem sites, or sites where changes are expected over time. Temporal change over time. Chemical analyses need to be done in a laboratory. Phosphorus test kits are not recommended for surface waters; their detection limits are too high. Volunteers can fill sample bottles and have a certified laboratory do the analyses.certified laboratory If the Total P is mostly Dissolved P, P sources could include synthetic fertilizers or septics; if not, sources could include eroded soil or other runoff. Phosphorus previous slide back to start During dry weather; take at least 8-10 grab samples per year (taken at same location each time). During wet weather, sample multiple storms throughout the year, collecting multiple samples across the hydrograph. A rain gage and automated samplers are recommended.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Phosphorus to determine BMP Effectiveness Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations For data that will be useful to decision makers, use a method that measures Total Phosphorus (P) with a detection limit of 0.01 mg/L (eg. standard lab analysis (EPA or equivalent).EPA Consider measuring Dissolved P in addition to Total P to determine possible sources. Sample upstream & downstream from BMP sites; pre & post BMP. Paired watersheds if possible. Monitor temporal change over time. Chemical analyses need to be done in a laboratory. Phosphorus test kits are not recommended for surface waters; their detection limits are too high. Volunteers can fill sample bottles and have a certified laboratory do the analyses.certified laboratory If the Total P is mostly Dissolved P, P sources could include synthetic fertilizers or septics; if not, sources could include eroded soil or other runoff. Phosphorus Site Selection previous slide back to start During dry weather; take at least 8-10 grab samples per year (taken at same location each time). During wet weather, sample multiple storms throughout the year, collecting multiple samples across the hydrograph. A rain gage and automated samplers are recommended.

Sampling Strategy for Phosphorus Monitoring for Educational Purposes Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Phosphate test kits adequate for demonstration to primary & secondary students; standard lab analyses for environmental science students (where detection limit = 0.01 mg/L, EPA or equivalent). Consider measuring Dissolved P in addition to Total P. Site selection is dependent on location convenience or study objective. Safety issues need to be primary consideration. As school schedule permits. Concentrations > 0.03 mg/L indicate a problem n/aIf the Total P is mostly Dissolved P, P sources could include synthetic fertilizers or septics; if not, sources could include eroded soil or other runoff. Phosphorus Site Selection previous slide back to start

Sampling Strategy for Identifying Problems associated with Algal Growth and/or Possible Phosphorus Loadings Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations For data that will be useful to decision makers, use a method that measures Total Phosphorus (P) with a detection limit of 0.01 mg/L (eg. standard lab analysis (EPA or equivalent).EPA Consider measuring Dissolved P in addition to Total P to determine possible sources. Sample upstream & downstream from problem areas and suspected problem sites. Note varying P concentrations between problem areas and changes associated with wet weather sampling. Chemical analyses need to be done in a laboratory. Phosphorus test kits are not recommended for surface waters; their detection limits are too high. Volunteers can fill sample bottles and have a certified laboratory do the analyses.certified laboratory If the Total P is mostly Dissolved P, P sources could include synthetic fertilizers or septics; if not, sources could include eroded soil or other runoff. Phosphorus Site Selection previous slide back to start During dry weather; take at least 8-10 grab samples per year (taken at same location each time). During wet weather, sample multiple storms throughout the year, collecting multiple samples across the hydrograph. A rain gage and automated samplers are recommended.

See Appendix A. Also: Evaluate temporal trend in geometric mean over time. Sampling Strategy for Watershed-scale Pathogens/Bacterial Monitoring 1) Test for pathogens using E. coli as an indicator. For results that are useful for decision- makers, analyses must be done by a certified laboratory using standard methods. Water samples can be collected by trained volunteers using sterilecertified laboratory standard methods containers and stored on ice until analyzed. Samples should not be held longer than 6 h prior to analysis, and analyses should be completed within 8 h after collection of the samples. 2) If E. coli is present and funds sufficient, may consider bacterial fingerprinting analyses to determine source. 3) Test kits that detect E. coli presence or absence are available from LaMotte and Hach but results should only be used as a screening to determine further testing.LaMotte Hach Sample at downstream ends of major tributaries & suspected problem areas (septics, agricultural sites, CSOs, etc.).CSOs Sample from May 1 – Oct. 31; preferably weekly for 16 weeks. Volunteers can fill sample bottles and have them analyzed by a certified laboratory. certified laboratory Pathogens/Bacteria previous slide back to start Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Site Selection Use precautions to protect against contamination: wear gloves and protect skin, decontaminate equipment and gear that has been exposed to potentially contaminated water.

See Appendix A. Also: Evaluate temporal trend in geometric mean over time. Sampling Strategy for Stream Segment Assessment of Pathogens/Bacterial Monitoring Site selection is stream specific; take water samples upstream and downstream from potential problem sites (eg. septics, agricultural sites, CAFOs, CSOs, etc.)., or sites where changes are expected over time.CAFOs CSOs Sample from May 1 – Oct. 31; preferably weekly for 16 weeks. Volunteers can fill sample bottles and have them analyzed by a certified laboratory. certified laboratory Pathogens/Bacteria previous slide back to start 1) Test for pathogens using E. coli as an indicator. For results that are useful for decision- makers, analyses must be done by a certified laboratory using standard methods. Water samples can be collected by trained volunteers using sterilecertified laboratory standard methods containers and stored on ice until analyzed. Samples should not be held longer than 6 h prior to analysis, and analyses should be completed within 8 h after collection of the samples. 2) If E. coli is present and funds sufficient, may consider bacterial fingerprinting analyses to determine source. 3) Test kits that detect E. coli presence or absence are available from LaMotte and Hach but results should only be used as a screening to determine further testing.LaMotte Hach Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Site Selection Use precautions to protect against contamination: wear gloves and protect skin, decontaminate equipment and gear that has been exposed to potentially contaminated water.

Sampling Strategy for Temporal Trend Pathogens/Bacterial Monitoring Sample from May 1 – Oct. 31; prefereably weekly for 16 weeks. Volunteers can fill sample bottles and have them analyzed by a certified laboratory. certified laboratory Pathogens/Bacteria Site selection is watershed specific. Consider taking water samples upstream and downstream of: 1) Potential problems sources (eg. septics, ag, CAFOs, CSOs, etc.), CAFOsCSOs 2) Major tributaries, 3) Sites where changes are expected over time. previous slide back to start 1) Test for pathogens using E. coli as an indicator. For results that are useful for decision- makers, analyses must be done by a certified laboratory using standard methods. Water samples can be collected by trained volunteers using sterilecertified laboratory standard methods containers and stored on ice until analyzed. Samples should not be held longer than 6 h prior to analysis, and analyses should be completed within 8 h after collection of the samples. 2) If E. coli is present and funds sufficient, may consider bacterial fingerprinting analyses to determine source. 3) Test kits that detect E. coli presence or absence are available from LaMotte and Hach but results should only be used as a screening to determine further testing.LaMotte Hach Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Site Selection Use precautions to protect against contamination: wear gloves and protect skin, decontaminate equipment and gear that has been exposed to potentially contaminated water. See Appendix A. Also: Evaluate temporal trend in geometric mean over time.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Pathogens/Bacteria to determine BMP Effectiveness Take samples: 1) Upstream & downstream of BMP sites, and 2) Pre & post BMP. 3) Sample paired watersheds if possible. Pathogens/Bacteria previous slide back to start 1) Test for pathogens using E. coli as an indicator. For results that are useful for decision- makers, analyses must be done by a certified laboratory using standard methods. Water samples can be collected by trained volunteers using sterilecertified laboratory standard methods containers and stored on ice until analyzed. Samples should not be held longer than 6 h prior to analysis, and analyses should be completed within 8 h after collection of the samples. 2) If E. coli is present and funds sufficient, may consider bacterial fingerprinting analyses to determine source. 3) Test kits that detect E. coli presence or absence are available from LaMotte and Hach but results should only be used as a screening to determine further testing.LaMotte Hach Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Site Selection Volunteers can fill sample bottles and have them analyzed by a certified laboratory. certified laboratory Use precautions to protect against contamination: wear gloves and protect skin, decontaminate equipment and gear that has been exposed to potentially contaminated water. See Appendix A. Also: Evaluate temporal trend in geometric mean over time. Sample from May 1 – Oct. 31; preferably weekly for 16 weeks.

See Appendix A. Also: Evaluate temporal trend in geometric mean over time. Sampling Strategy for Educational Assessment of Pathogens/Bacterial Monitoring Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Site selection is specific to educational objectives. Consider taking water samples upstream and downstream of potential problem sources (eg. septics, ag, CAFOs, CSOs, etc.). CAFOs CSOs Sample from May 1 – Oct. 31; preferably weekly for 16 weeks. Volunteers can fill sample bottles and have them analyzed by a certified laboratory. certified laboratory Use precautions to protect against contamination: wear gloves and protect skin, decontaminate equipment and gear that has been exposed to potentially contaminated water. Pathogens/Bacteria Site Selection previous slide back to start 1) Test for pathogens using E. coli as an indicator. For results that are useful for decision-makers, analyses must be done by a certified laboratory using standard methods. Water samples can be collected by trained volunteers using sterile certified laboratorystandard methods containers and stored on ice until analyzed. Samples should not be held longer than 6 h prior to analysis, and analyses should be completed within 8 h after collection of the samples. 2) If E. coli is present and funds sufficient, may consider bacterial fingerprinting analyses to determine source. 3) Can use test kits (eg. Coliscan EasyGel, 3M Petrifil, IDEXX Colisure) for demonstration purposes. Test kits that detect E. coli presence or absence are available from LaMotte and Hach but results should only be used as a screening to determine further testing.LaMotteHach

Sampling Strategy for Problem Identification of Pathogens/Bacterial Monitoring Site selection is watershed specific. Take water samples upstream and downstream from potential problem sources (eg. septics, ag, CAFOs, CSOs, etc.). CAFOsCSOs Sample from May 1 – Oct. 31; preferably weekly for 16 weeks. See Appendix A.Volunteers can fill sample bottles and have them analyzed by a certified laboratory. certified laboratory Pathogens/Bacteria previous slide back to start 1) Test for pathogens using E. coli as an indicator. For results that are useful for decision- makers, analyses must be done by a certified laboratory using standard methods. Water samples can be collected by trained volunteers using sterilecertified laboratory standard methods containers and stored on ice until analyzed. Samples should not be held longer than 6 h prior to analysis, and analyses should be completed within 8 h after collection of the samples. 2) If E. coli is present and funds sufficient, may consider bacterial fingerprinting analyses to determine source. 3) Test kits that detect E. coli presence or absence are available from LaMotte and Hach but results should only be used as a screening to determine further testing.LaMotte Hach Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Site Selection Use precautions to protect against contamination: wear gloves and protect skin, decontaminate equipment and gear that has been exposed to potentially contaminated water. Methods

What is your monitoring objective? Watershed-scale spatial assessment. BMPBMP Effectiveness. Temporal trend assessment. Education. Stream segment assessment. Problem identification. ? ? Pathogens/Bacteria previous slide back to start ? ?

Is dissolved oxygen currently regulated in your stream? YesNo It is regulated by NPDES program. It is not regulated by NPDES program. Not sure Dissolved Oxygen previous slide back to start

What is your monitoring objective? Watershed-scale spatial assessment. BMPBMP Effectiveness. Temporal trend assessment. Education. Stream segment assessment. Problem identification. ? ? Dissolved Oxygen previous slide back to start ? ?

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Dissolved Oxygen at a Watershed-scale Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Follow standard procedure for sampling dissolved oxygen using test kits (Hach, LaMotte, etc).standard procedure for sampling dissolved oxygen Hach LaMotte Other options include using a hand-held electronic meter or a continuous sampling device (sonde).continuous sampling device (sonde) Sample at downstream ends of major tributaries & suspected problem areas (septics, agricultural sites, CSOs, etc.).CSOs Sample continuously for 1 month in mid- summer, or take grab samples at dawn, 3 days/week for a month. Warm water streams = minimum of 5 mg/L; cold water streams = minimum of 7 mg/L. With training, volunteers can reliably use hand-held meters or test kits, though they may need assistance with calibrating the meters. Dissolved Oxygen Site Selection previous slide back to start

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Dissolved Oxygen at a Stream Segment Scale Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Sample upstream and downstream of major tributaries & suspected problem areas (septics, agricultural sites, CSOs, etc.).CSOs Sample continuously for 1 month in mid- summer, or take grab samples at dawn, 3 days/week for a month. Warm water streams = minimum of 5 mg/L; cold water streams = minimum of 7 mg/L. With training, volunteers can reliably use hand-held meters or test kits (eg. Hach, LaMotte, etc.), though they may need assistance with calibrating the meters.Hach LaMotte Dissolved Oxygen Site Selection previous slide back to start Follow standard procedure for sampling dissolved oxygen using test kits (Hach, LaMotte, etc).standard procedure for sampling dissolved oxygen Hach LaMotte Other options include using a hand-held electronic meter or a continuous sampling device (sonde).continuous sampling device (sonde)

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Temporal Trends in Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Site selection is watershed specific. Sample upstream and downstream of potential problem sites ag, CSOs, septics), or sites where changes are expected over time.CSOs Sample continuously for 1 month in mid- summer, or take grab samples at dawn, 3 days/week for a month. Warm water streams = minimum of 5 mg/L; cold water streams = minimum of 7 mg/L. Dissolved Oxygen Site Selection previous slide back to start Follow standard procedure for sampling dissolved oxygen using test kits (Hach, LaMotte, etc).standard procedure for sampling dissolved oxygen Hach LaMotte Other options include using a hand-held electronic meter or a continuous sampling device (sonde).continuous sampling device (sonde) With training, volunteers can reliably use hand-held meters or test kits (eg. Hach, LaMotte, etc.), though they may need assistance with calibrating the meters.Hach LaMotte

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Dissolved Oxygen to determine BMP Effectiveness Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Sample upstream & downstream, and pre & post BMP. Use paired watersheds if possible. Sample continuously for 1 month in mid- summer, or grab samples at dawn, 3 days/week for a month. Warm water streams = minimum of 5 mg/L; cold water streams = minimum of 7 mg/L. Dissolved Oxygen Site Selection previous slide back to start Follow standard procedure for sampling dissolved oxygen using test kits (Hach, LaMotte, etc).standard procedure for sampling dissolved oxygen Hach LaMotte Other options include using a hand-held electronic meter or a continuous sampling device (sonde).continuous sampling device (sonde) With training, volunteers can reliably use hand-held meters or test kits (eg. Hach, LaMotte, etc.), though they may need assistance with calibrating the meters.Hach LaMotte

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Dissolved Oxygen for Educational Purposes Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Sample upstream & downstream of tributaries and potential problem sources (agricultural sites, CSOs, septics); or sites where changes are expected over time.CSOs Sampling frequency is educational objective specific; consider taking grab samples, best collected at dawn. Warm water streams = minimum of 5 mg/L; cold water streams = minimum of 7 mg/L. Dissolved Oxygen Site Selection previous slide back to start Follow standard procedure for sampling dissolved oxygen using test kits (Hach, LaMotte, etc).standard procedure for sampling dissolved oxygen Hach LaMotte Other options include using a hand-held electronic meter or a continuous sampling device (sonde).continuous sampling device (sonde) With training, volunteers can reliably use hand-held meters or test kits (eg. Hach, LaMotte, etc.), though they may need assistance with calibrating the meters.Hach LaMotte

Sampling Strategy for Identifying Problems with Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Sample upstream & downstream of tributaries and potential problem sources (septics, agricultural sites, CSOs, etc.).CSOs Sample continuously for 1 month in mid- summer, or take grab samples at dawn, 3 days/week for a month Warm water streams = minimum of 5 mg/L; cold water streams = minimum of 7 mg/L. Dissolved Oxygen Site Selection previous slide back to start Follow standard procedure for sampling dissolved oxygen using test kits (Hach, LaMotte, etc).standard procedure for sampling dissolved oxygen Hach LaMotte Other options include using a hand-held electronic meter or a continuous sampling device (sonde).continuous sampling device (sonde) With training, volunteers can reliably use hand-held meters or test kits (eg. Hach, LaMotte, etc.), though they may need assistance with calibrating the meters.Hach LaMotte

What is your monitoring objective? Watershed-scale spatial assessment. BMPBMP Effectiveness. Temporal trend assessment. Education. Stream segment assessment. Problem identification. ? ? Temperature previous slide back to start ? ?

Sampling Strategy for Watershed-scale Temperature Monitoring Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Use a continuously recording temperature sensor to monitor and detect changes in stream temperature pattern. continuously recording temperature sensor Sites should be chosen within streams of potential interest (eg. urbanizing watersheds, trout streams, downstream from dams). Record temperatures with continuously recording sensor for 1-2 weeks in mid- summer. See Appendix B. Volunteers can be trained to install and operate a continuously recording temperature sensor. “Spot measurements” with a thermometer can also be informative, but are best used to identify locations for installing a temperature sensor. Temperature Site Selection previous slide back to start

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Temperature at a Stream Segment Scale Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Sites should be chosen within streams of potential interest (eg. urbanizing watersheds, trout streams, downstream from dams). See Appendix B. Volunteers can be trained to install and operate a continuously recording temperature sensor. “Spot measurements” with a thermometer can also be informative, but are best used to identify locations for installing a temperature sensor. Site Selection previous slide back to start Use a continuously recording temperature sensor to monitor and detect changes in stream temperature pattern. continuously recording temperature sensor Temperature Record temperatures with continuously recording sensor for 1-2 weeks in mid- summer.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Temporal Trends in Temperature Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Maintain same sites across time. Sites should be chosen within streams of potential interest (eg. urbanizing watersheds, trout streams, downstream from dams). See Appendix B. Volunteers can be trained to install and operate a continuously recording temperature sensor. “Spot measurements” with a thermometer can also be informative, but are best used to identify locations for installing a temperature sensor. Site Selection previous slide back to start Use a continuously recording temperature sensor to monitor and detect changes in stream temperature pattern. continuously recording temperature sensor Temperature Record temperatures with continuously recording sensor for 1-2 weeks in mid- summer.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Temperature to determine BMP Effectiveness Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Select sites upstream and downstream from and pre and post BMP. Sites should be chosen within streams of potential interest (eg. urbanizing watersheds, trout streams, downstream from dams). See Appendix B. Volunteers can be trained to install and operate a continuously recording temperature sensor. “Spot measurements” with a thermometer can also be informative, but are best used to identify locations for installing a temperature sensor. Site Selection previous slide back to start Use a continuously recording temperature sensor to monitor and detect changes in stream temperature pattern. continuously recording temperature sensor Temperature Record temperatures with continuously recording sensor for 1-2 weeks in mid- summer.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Temperature for Educational Purposes Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Maintain same sites across time. Sites should be chosen within streams of potential interest (eg. urbanizing watersheds, trout streams, downstream from dams). See Appendix B. Volunteers can be trained to install and operate a continuously recording temperature sensor. “Spot measurements” with a thermometer can also be informative, but are best used to identify locations for installing a temperature sensor. Site Selection previous slide back to start Use a continuously recording temperature sensor to monitor and detect changes in stream temperature pattern. continuously recording temperature sensor (If a thermometer is used, record data in the afternoon if possible.) Temperature Record temperatures with continuously recording sensor for 1-2 weeks in mid- summer.

Sampling Strategy for Identifying Problems with Temperature Concentrations Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Sites should be chosen within streams of potential interest (eg. urbanizing watersheds, trout streams, downstream from dams). Place sensors upstream and downstream from potential zones of runoff input. See Appendix B. Volunteers can be trained to install and operate a continuously recording temperature sensor. “Spot measurements” with a thermometer can also be informative, but are best used to identify locations for installing a temperature sensor. Site Selection previous slide back to start Use a continuously recording temperature sensor to monitor and detect changes in stream temperature pattern. continuously recording temperature sensor Temperature Record temperatures with continuously recording sensor for 1-2 weeks in mid- summer.

What is your monitoring objective? Watershed-scale spatial assessment. BMPBMP Effectiveness. Temporal trend assessment. Education. Stream segment assessment. Problem identification. ? ? Macroinvertebrates previous slide back to start ? ?

Sampling Strategy for Watershed-scale Macroinvertebrate Monitoring Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Follow GLEAS 51 procedure for sampling macroinverte-GLEAS 51 brates. Use a D-frame kick net to sample all available habitats. Sample at downstream ends of major tributaries & suspected problem areas. Sample once or twice annually; spring and/or fall. Calculate scores as per protocol 51, plus track total number of taxa, and of EPT taxa.EPT Volunteers can typically use Order- level identifications and a simple scoring system. Training is offered by MiCorps.MiCorps Volunteers can sample for more detailed Family- level identifications, though only experts can do the IDs. Volunteer training must emphasize the importance of sampling all available habitats. Macroinvertebrates Site Selection previous slide back to start

Sampling Strategy for Stream Segment-scale Macroinvertebrate Monitoring Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Macroinvertebrates Site Selection previous slide back to start Follow GLEAS 51 procedure for sampling macroinverte-GLEAS 51 brates. Use a D-frame kick net to sample all available habitats. Sample at downstream ends of major tributaries & suspected problem areas. Sample once or twice annually; spring and/or fall. Calculate scores as per protocol 51, plus track total number of taxa, and of EPT taxa.EPT Volunteers can typically use Order- level identifications and a simple scoring system. Training is offered by MiCorps.MiCorps Volunteers can sample for more detailed Family- level identifications, though only experts can do the IDs. Volunteer training must emphasize the importance of sampling all available habitats.

Sampling Strategy for Temporal Trend Macroinvertebrate Monitoring Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Macroinvertebrates Site Selection previous slide back to start Follow GLEAS 51 procedure for sampling macroinverte-GLEAS 51 brates. Use a D-frame kick net to sample all available habitats. Sample at downstream ends of major tributaries & suspected problem areas. Sample once or twice annually; spring and/or fall. Calculate scores as per protocol 51, plus track total number of taxa, and of EPT taxa.EPT Compare results over time Volunteers can typically use Order- level identifications and a simple scoring system. Training is offered by MiCorps.MiCorps Volunteers can sample for more detailed Family- level identifications, though only experts can do the IDs. Volunteer training must emphasize the importance of sampling all available habitats.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Macroinvertebrates to determine BMP Effectiveness Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Macroinvertebrates Site Selection previous slide back to start Follow GLEAS 51 procedure for sampling macroinverte-GLEAS 51 brates. Use a D-frame kick net to sample all available habitats. Sample upstream and downstream from BMP sites. Monitor sites over time. Sample once or twice annually; spring and/or fall. Calculate scores as per protocol 51, plus track total number of taxa, and of EPT taxa.EPT Compare results between sites and over time. Volunteers can typically use Order- level identifications and a simple scoring system. Training is offered by MiCorps.MiCorps Volunteers can sample for more detailed Family- level identifications, though only experts can do the IDs. Volunteer training must emphasize the importance of sampling all available habitats.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Macroinvertebrates for Educational Purposes Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Macroinvertebrates Site Selection previous slide back to start Follow GLEAS 51 procedure for sampling macroinverte-GLEAS 51 brates. Use a D-frame kick net to sample all available habitats. Sample at downstream ends of major tributaries & suspected problem areas. Sample once or twice annually as schedules allow; spring and/or fall. Calculate scores as per protocol 51, plus track total number of taxa, and of EPT taxa.EPT Volunteers can typically use Order- level identifications and a simple scoring system. Training is offered by MiCorps.MiCorps Volunteers can sample for more detailed Family- level identifications, though only experts can do the IDs. Volunteer training must emphasize the importance of sampling all available habitats.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Macroinvertebrates to Identify Problem Areas Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Macroinvertebrates Site Selection previous slide back to start Follow GLEAS 51 procedure for sampling macroinverte-GLEAS 51 brates. Use a D-frame kick net to sample all available habitats. Sample at downstream ends of major tributaries & suspected problem areas. Sample once or twice annually; spring and/or fall. Calculate scores as per protocol 51, plus track total number of taxa, and of EPT taxa.EPT Volunteers can typically use Order- level identifications and a simple scoring system. Training is offered by MiCorps.MiCorps Volunteers can sample for more detailed Family- level identifications, though only experts can do the IDs. Volunteer training must emphasize the importance of sampling all available habitats.

Sampling Strategy for Determining Source of Water Clarity Problems associated with Storm Events Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Walk the stream corridor to identify points of change in water clarity. If stream bank erosion appears to be a source of problems, consider the BEHI assessment. BEHI BEHI Methodology: Concentrate on sites upstream and downstream from major tributaries and potential problem sources (eg. agricultural operations, storm drains, construction sites). Monitor before and after a major rain event. Relate changes between sites and between observations before and after rain events. Can be conducted by either professionals or volunteers In addition to visual observations, quantitative data can be generated by collecting suspended sediment concentration (SSC) or total suspended solids (TSS) samples, or using a turbidity tube.turbidity tube Water Clarity Site Selection previous slide back to start

Sampling Strategy for Determining Source of Water Clarity Problems not associated with Storm Events Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Walk the stream corridor to identify points of change in water clarity. If stream bank erosion appears to be a source of problems, consider the BEHI assessment. BEHI BEHI Methodology: Concentrate on sites upstream and downstream from major tributaries and potential problem sources (eg. agricultural operations, storm drains, construction sites). Sample once or twice a month during summer season or when water clarity changes are observed. Relate changes between sites and between observations. Can be conducted by either professionals or volunteers Water Clarity Site Selection previous slide back to start

A TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) is the maximum amount of a pollutant that a water body can receive and still safely meet water quality standards.TMDL Michigan has developed water quality standards in response to The Clean Water Act. Waters that do not meet these water quality standards are considered “impaired” and the State develops a restoration plan for these waters in the form of TMDL’s.water quality standards previous slide back to start

A stream segment is a limited stretch of stream within the entire stream or river system. An assessment that is limited to just a stream segment might be preferable when an environmental problem seems to be localized, for educational purposes, to establish baseline conditions in order to detect problems in the future, or when trying to assess the effectiveness of a BMP. previous slide back to start

Best Management Practices (BMPs) are techniques used to control stormwater runoff, agricultural runoff, sediment control, and soil stabilization, as well as management decisions to prevent or reduce nonpoint source pollution. The EPA defines a BMP as a "technique, measure or structural control that is used for a given set of conditions to manage the quantity and improve the quality of stormwater runoff in the most cost-effective manner." previous slide back to start

The Bank Erosion Hazard Index (BEHI) is a method for assessing stream bank erosion potential. It assigns point values to several aspects of bank condition and provides an overall score that can be used to inventory stream bank condition over large areas and prioritize restoration efforts. previous slide back to start

The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program allows the MDNRE to issue permits to discharge pollutants as long as it is done in compliance with standards set by the Clean Water Act. These federal permits are required when an activity by a facility or individual might result in discharges of pollutants into water bodies. The permit holders must obtain certification from the State explaining where the discharge will originate and that the discharge meets the state’s standards. previous slide back to start

Riffle embeddedness refers to the extent to which gravel, cobble, or boulders within riffles are surrounded or covered by fine material (such as silt or sand). The more the substrate is embedded, the less its surface area is exposed to the water and available for the colonization by invertebrates. Record the appropriate level of embeddedness observed in riffles. This is measured as the percentage of an individual substrate piece, such as a rock, that is covered on average. Observations of embeddedness should be taken in the upstream and central portions of riffles and cobble substrate areas. previous slide back to start

Sedimentation (the result of excessive input of sediment into streams) is one of the primary causes of degraded fish communities, macroinvertebrates and other biologic communities living in streams. Excess sediment enters our streams through erosion. This erosion comes from stream bank collapse and overland sediment input that is usually associated with land uses that remove vegetation for land development, forestry, mining, poor construction practices, stream dredging and agiculture. Excessive sediment loads cause changes to the stream channel and alter important physical characteristics such as depth, width and flow velocity. In addition to physical degradation to streams, excessive sedimentation has a negative impact biologically. It can be abrasive to fish gills, scour benthic invertebrate habitat and physically smother habitats. previous slide back to start

A sonde or continuous sampling device is a water monitoring device that is designed to monitor water conditions. Equipped with battery power, a sonde can be left unattended for weeks at a time, while water quality conditions are sampled at pre-programmed intervals and data is stored in the unit’s internal memory. Sondes will often have multiple sensors capable of recording a range of water quality data, including dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature and conductivity. previous slide back to start

The Michigan Environmental Protection Act identifies eight* designated uses for all waterbodies throughout the state of Michigan. 1)Agriculture 2)Navigation 3)Industrial water supply 4)Public water supply at the point of water intake 5)Warmwater fishery 6)Habitat for other indigenous aquatic life and wildlife 7)Partial body contact recreation 8)Total body contact recreation from May 1 through October 31 * Other bodies of water may have a designated use as a coldwater fishery previous slide back to start

A digital temperature data logger is a continuously recording temperature sensor that is simple to deploy, relatively inexpensive (less than $200) and capable of collecting a lot of information on the variability of a stream’s temperature pattern.less than $200 previous slide back to start

Odor producing substances can interfere with designated uses of the water body. Some common conditions include: septic odors indicating untreated wastewater or leaking septic systems, chorine odors indicating overly chlorinated sewage treatment or swimming pool discharge, fishy odors associated with algal growth, and rotten egg odors indicating sewage or methane from anerobic (low oxygen) conditions.designated uses previous slide back to start

Water clarity is often affected by an increase in runoff during storm events from land-based activities, including: construction, agricultural practices, logging activity, and discharges. It can also be caused by eroding stream banks or excessive algal growth. A decrease in water clarity can affect water temperature since suspended particles in the water can absorb heat. It can also reduce the concentration of dissolved oxygen because warm water holds less dissolved oxygen than cold water. A decrease in water clarity can also reduce photosynthesis, further decreasing the production of oxygen. To improve water clarity, it is important to determine the source of the problem and then working to eliminate or remediate the problem. previous slide back to start

EPT stands for Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera – the orders of insects commonly known as Mayflies, Stoneflies, and Caddisflies, respectively. Because these taxa of stream insects are particularly sensitive to adverse water quality conditions, their presence is significant. previous slide back to start

Lower Grand River Watershed Contacts Kristi Klomp, Water Quality Programs Manager – West Michigan Environmental Action Council, E. Wendy Ogilvie, Senior Environmental Specialist – Fishbeck, Thompson, Carr & Huber, Inc., Andy Bowman, Planning Director – Grand Valley Metropolitan Council, Brian Hanson, Research Assistant – Annis Water Resources Institute, previous slide back to start

What is the scope of your monitoring objective? Watershed-scale spatial assessment BMPBMP Effectiveness Temporal trend assessment Education Stream segment assessment Problem identification ? ? Sedimentation ? ? previous slide back to start

Sampling Strategy for Watershed-scale Sediment Monitoring Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Use the Pebble Count method and/or riffle embeddedness.Pebble Count riffle embeddedness If stream bank erosion appears to be a source of sedimentation, consider the BEHI assessment. BEHI BEHI Methodology: Sample upstream and downstream of major tributaries & suspected problem areas. Sampling during dry weather, twice a year. Look for geographic patterns indicating sedimentation problems (ie. silt-dominated pebble counts, high embeddedness scores, high BEHI scores), and/or trends over time. Can be conducted by either professional or volunteer. Sedimentation Site Selection previous slide back to start

Sampling Strategy for Stream Segment Sediment Monitoring Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Sample upstream and downstream of major tributaries & suspected problem areas. Sample during dry weather, twice a year. Can be conducted by either professional or volunteer. Sedimentation Site Selection previous slide back to start Use the Pebble Count method and/or riffle embeddedness.Pebble Count riffle embeddedness If stream bank erosion appears to be a source of sedimentation, consider the BEHI assessment. BEHI BEHI Methodology: Look for geographic patterns indicating sedimentation problems (ie. silt-dominated pebble counts, high embeddedness scores, high BEHI scores), and/or trends over time.

Sampling Strategy for Temporal Trend Sediment Monitoring Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Sample upstream and downstream of major tributaries & suspected problem areas. Sample during dry weather. Conduct sampling at same time period each season. Can be conducted by either professional or volunteer. Sedimentation Site Selection previous slide back to start Use the Pebble Count method and/or riffle embeddedness.Pebble Count riffle embeddedness If stream bank erosion appears to be a source of sedimentation, consider the BEHI assessment. BEHI BEHI Methodology: Look for geographic patterns indicating sedimentation problems (ie. silt-dominated pebble counts, high embeddedness scores, high BEHI scores), and/or trends over time.

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Sediment to determine BMP Effectiveness Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Sample upstream & downstream from BMP sites. Establish permanent transect locations. Sample during dry weather, pre & post BMP. Sample paired watersheds if possible. Can be conducted by either professional or volunteer. Sedimentation Site Selection previous slide back to start Use the Pebble Count method and/or riffle embeddedness.Pebble Count riffle embeddedness If stream bank erosion appears to be a source of sedimentation, consider the BEHI assessment. BEHI BEHI Methodology: Look for geographic patterns indicating sedimentation problems (ie. silt-dominated pebble counts, high embeddedness scores, high BEHI scores), and/or trends over time.

Sampling Strategy for Sediment Monitoring for Educational Purposes Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Site selection is dependent on location convenience or study objective. Safety issues need to be primary consideration. Sample as school schedule permits. Permanent sampling sites may track changes over time. Evaluation of pebble count, BEHI and embeddedness scores relative to other time periods or other locations. n/a Sedimentation Site Selection previous slide back to start Use the Pebble Count method and/or riffle embeddedness.Pebble Count riffle embeddedness If stream bank erosion appears to be a source of sedimentation, consider the BEHI assessment. BEHI BEHI Methodology:

Sampling Strategy for Problem Identification of Sedimentation Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Sample at downstream end of major tributaries, urban steams, and other potential sources of sediment. Sample annually at most. Identify spatial distributions of the parameters measured. Sedimentation Site Selection previous slide back to start Use the Pebble Count method and/or riffle embeddedness.Pebble Count riffle embeddedness If stream bank erosion appears to be a source of sedimentation, consider the BEHI assessment. BEHI BEHI Methodology: Can be conducted by either professional or volunteer.

What is the scope of your monitoring objective? Watershed-scale spatial assessment BMPBMP Effectiveness Temporal trend assessment Education Stream segment assessment Problem identification ? ? Stream Flow ? ? previous slide back to start

Follow EPA guidelines for flow measurement. Where available, access data from a USGS gage station.USGS gage station Consider making qualitative channel stability observations, perform the BEHI protocol,BEHI and/or inspect the MDEQ stream flashiness index.. Sampling Strategy for Watershed-scale Flow Monitoring Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations The stream stretch chosen for the measurement of discharge (flow) should be straight (no bends), at least 6 inches deep, and should not contain an area of slow water such as a pool. Unobstructed riffles or runs are ideal. Sample annually for qualitative channel stability indicators or BEHI; MDNRE updates flashiness data every 5 years. BEHI Calculate BEHI scores; see the MDNRE reports for interpreting stream flashiness or qualitative indicators.BEHI Trained volunteers can collect flow data, in addition to doing BEHI surveys or making qualitative stream stability observations. However, volunteer monitoring cannot be used in enforcement cases.BEHI Stream Flow Site Selection previous slide back to start

Sampling Strategy for Stream Segment-scale Flow Monitoring Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Make qualitative channel stability observations, perform the BEHI protocol,BEHI and/or inspect the MDEQ stream flashiness index. Where available, access data from a USGS gage station. USGS gage station. The stream stretch chosen for the measurement of discharge (flow) should be straight (no bends), at least 6 inches deep, and should not contain an area of slow water such as a pool. Unobstructed riffles or runs are ideal. Sample annually for qualitative channel stability indicators or BEHI; MDNRE updates flashiness data every 5 years. Calculate BEHI scores; see the MDNRE reports for interpreting stream flashiness or qualitative indicators. Stream Flow Site Selection previous slide back to start Trained volunteers can collect flow data, in addition to doing BEHI surveys or making qualitative stream stability observations. However, volunteer monitoring cannot be used in enforcement cases.BEHI

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Temporal Trends in Stream Flow Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Perform the BEHI protocol,BEHI and/or inspect the MDEQ stream flashiness index. Where available, access data from a USGS gage station.USGS gage station. The stream stretch chosen for the measurement of discharge (flow) should be straight (no bends), at least 6 inches deep, and should not contain an area of slow water such as a pool. Unobstructed riffles or runs are ideal. Sample annually for qualitative channel stability indicators or BEHI; MDNRE updates flashiness data every 5 years. Calculate BEHI scores; see the MDNRE reports for interpreting stream flashiness or qualitative indicators. Stream Flow Site Selection previous slide back to start Trained volunteers can collect flow data, in addition to doing BEHI surveys or making qualitative stream stability observations. However, volunteer monitoring cannot be used in enforcement cases.BEHI

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring BMP Effectiveness in Stream Flow Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Follow EPA guidelines for flow measurement. Make qualitative channel stabiity observations and/or perform the BEHI protocol;BEHI consider inspecting the MDEQ stream flashiness index. Where available, access data from a USGS gage station. USGS gage station. The stream stretch chosen for the measurement of discharge (flow) should be straight (no bends), at least 6 inches deep, and should not contain an area of slow water such as a pool. Unobstructed riffles or runs are ideal. Sample annually for qualitative channel stability indicators or BEHI; MDNRE updates flashiness data every 5 years, although sometimes more frequently. Calculate BEHI scores; see the MDNRE reports for interpreting stream flashiness or qualitative indicators. Stream Flow Site Selection previous slide back to start Trained volunteers can collect flow data, in addition to doing BEHI surveys or making qualitative stream stability observations. However, volunteer monitoring cannot be used in enforcement cases.BEHI

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Stream Flow for Educational Purposes Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Follow EPA guidelines for flow measurement. Make qualitative channel stabiity observations and/or perform the BEHI protocol;BEHI consider inspecting the MDEQ stream flashiness index. Where available, access data from a USGS gage station. USGS gage station The stream stretch chosen for the measurement of discharge (flow) should be straight (no bends), at least 6 inches deep, and should not contain an area of slow water such as a pool. Unobstructed riffles or runs are ideal. Sample annually for qualitative channel stability indicators or BEHI; MDNRE updates flashiness data every 5 years, although sometimes more frequently. Calculate BEHI scores; see the MDNRE reports for interpreting stream flashiness or qualitative indicators. Stream Flow Site Selection previous slide back to start Trained volunteers can collect flow data, in addition to doing BEHI surveys or making qualitative stream stability observations. However, volunteer monitoring cannot be used in enforcement cases.BEHI

Sampling Strategy for Monitoring Stream Flow for Problem Identification Methods Sampling Frequency Data Interpretation Professional vs. Volunteer Other Considerations Follow EPA guidelines for flow measurement. Make qualitative channel stabiity observations and/or perform the BEHI protocol;BEHI consider inspecting the MDEQ stream flashiness index. Where available, access data from a USGS gage station. USGS gage station The stream stretch chosen for the measurement of discharge (flow) should be straight (no bends), at least 6 inches deep, and should not contain an area of slow water such as a pool. Unobstructed riffles or runs are ideal. Sample annually for qualitative channel stability indicators or BEHI; MDNRE updates flashiness data every 5 years, although sometimes more frequently. Calculate BEHI scores; see the MDNRE reports for interpreting stream flashiness or qualitative indicators. Stream Flow Site Selection previous slide back to start Trained volunteers can collect flow data, in addition to doing BEHI surveys or making qualitative stream stability observations. However, volunteer monitoring cannot be used in enforcement cases.BEHI

Is there untreated CSO or untreated sewage? Start Are there two or more results > 1,000 E. coli/100 mL? Is E. Coli sampled? Not Assessed TBC & PBC Not Supporting PBC & TBC Are any E. coli samples (from entire dataset) collected during May 1-Oct. 31? Are there two or more results collected during May 1-Oct. 31 > 1,000 E. coli/100 mL? Not Supporting PBC & TBC Not Supporting PBC, Not Assessed TBC Are there weekly E. coli samples collected over 16 weeks during May 1- Oct. 31? Is any rolling 30 day geometric mean > 130 E. coli/100mL and/or 10% of samples > 300 E. coli /100mL? Not Supporting PBC & TBC Not Supporting PBC, BPJ- Insufficient Information or Supporting or Not Supporting TBC Supporting PBC, Supporting TBC Any E. coli samples (from entire dataset) collected during May 1 – Oct. 31? Is any rolling 30 day geometric mean > 130 E. coli/100mL and/or 10% of samples >300 E. coli/100mL? Are there E. coli samples collected over 16 weeks during May 1 – Oct. 31? Supporting PBC, Not Supporting TBC BPJ- Insufficient Information or Supporting PBC, Not Assessed TBC BPJ- Insufficient Information or Supporting PBC, BPJ-Insufficient Information or Supporting or Not Supporting TBC Supporting PBC & TBC Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Appendix A. ** It is possible to arrive at a decision of supporting for total body contact and not supporting for partial body contact if E. coli concentrations are low during the total body season (May 1 – October 31) and high during the nonrecreation season. Determination of Partial Body Contact (PBC) and Whole Body Contact (WBC) Designated Use Support. Pathogens/Bacteria previous slide back to start

Contact your District MDNRE biologist to discuss current conditions and existing data. previous slide back to start

Appendix B. Interpretation of Water Temperature Data Note: Maximum values vary with month and location in the state, as described in Public Act 451, Part 4, Rule and listed below: (a)For warmwater rivers, streams, and impoundments north of a line between Bay City, Midland, Alma and North Muskegon: (b) For warmwater rivers, streams, and impoundments south of a line between Bay City, Midland, Alma, and North Muskegon, except the St. Joseph river: Jan = 38 o FJuly = 83 o F Feb = 38 o FAug = 81 o F Mar = 41 o FSep = 74 o F Apr = 56 o FOct = 64 o F May = 70 o FNov = 49 o F Jun = 80 o FDec = 39 o F previous slide back to start

Jan = 38 °FJul = 83 °F Feb = 38 °FAug = 81 °F Mar = 41 °FSep = 74 °F Apr = 56 °FOct = 64 °F May = 70 °FNov = 49 °F Jun = 80 °FDec = 39 °F Jan = 41 °FJul = 85 °F Feb = 40 °FAug = 85 °F Mar = 50 °FSep = 79 °F Apr = 63 °FOct = 68 °F May = 76 °FNov = 55 °F Jun = 84 °FDec = 43 °F Jan = 50 °FJul = 85 °F Feb = 50 °FAug = 85 °F Mar = 55 °FSep = 85 °F Apr = 65 °FOct = 70 °F May = 75 °FNov = 60 °F Jun = 85 °FDec = 50 °F Note: Maximum values vary with month and location in the state, as described in Public Act 451, Part 4, Rule and listed below: Appendix B. Interpretation of Water Temperature Data b) For warmwater rivers, streams, and impoundments south of a line between Bay City, Midland, Alma, and North Muskegon, except the St. Joseph River: a) For warmwater rivers, streams, and impoundments north of a line between Bay City, Midland, Alma and North Muskegon: c) For the St. Joseph River: b) For coldwater rivers, streams and impoundments anywhere in the state: Jan = 38 °FJul = 68 °F Feb = 38 °FAug = 68 °F Mar = 43 °FSep = 63 °F Apr = 54 °FOct = 56 °F May = 65 °FNov = 48 °F Jun = 68 °FDec = 40 °F Note: the list of coldwater streams is created by the MDNRE and updated regularly – though due to its rule-making process MDNRE is currently working off the 1997 list of steams. previous slide back to start