Photosynthesis by / ahmed fathy I love your eyes my princess

6CO H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Simple molecule complex molecule Physical energy chemical energy C C6 Chlorophyll light

meatabolism Anabolism : simple compound is converted to complex compound Catabolism : complex compound is converted to simple compound

Photosynthesis Light reactin : take place in grana because they depend on electron transfer Dark reaction : take place in stroma because they need to solution Photosynthesis take place in chloroplast

What do plants need to grow? The “factory” for making energy & sugars –chloroplast Fuels –sunlight –carbon dioxide –water The Helpers –enzymes

Chloroplasts –double membrane –stroma fluid-filled interior –thylakoid sacs –grana stacks Thylakoid membrane contains –chlorophyll molecules –electron transport chain –ATP synthase Plant structure

H2OH2O ENERGY building reactions SUGAR building reactions ATP ADP CO 2 sugar sun used immediately to synthesize sugars

How do plants make energy & food? Plants use the energy from the sun –to make ATP energy –to make sugars glucose, sucrose, cellulose, starch, & more sun ATP sugars

Light reaction

ETC of Photosynthesis ETC uses light energy to produce –ATP & NADPH go to Calvin cycle PS II absorbs light –excited electron passes from chlorophyll to “primary electron acceptor” –need to replace electron in chlorophyll –enzyme extracts electrons from H 2 O & supplies them to chlorophyll splits H 2 O O combines with another O to form O 2 O 2 released to atmosphere and we breathe easier!

ETC of Photosynthesis ETC uses light energy to produce –ATP & NADPH go to Calvin cycle PS I absorbs light –excited electron passes from chlorophyll to “primary electron acceptor” –need to replace electron in chlorophyll –Electron comes from ETC of PSII –Excited electron passes to electron carrier molecule NADPH Sent to Calvin Cycle in the stroma

split H 2 O Light Reactions of Photosynthesis O ATP to Calvin Cycle H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ e e e e sun

Dark reaction From Light reactions to Calvin cycle Calvin cycle –chloroplast stroma Need products of light reactions to drive synthesis reactions –ATP –NADPH

stroma thylakoid

Photosynthesis summary Light reactions –produced ATP –produced NADPH –consumed H 2 O –produced O 2 as byproduct Calvin cycle –consumed CO 2 –produced G3P (sugar) –regenerated ADP –regenerated NADP

Light Reactions O2O2 H2OH2O Energy Building Reactions ATP  produces ATP  produces NADPH  releases O 2 as a waste product sunlight H2OH2O ATP O2O2 light energy  +++ NADPH

Calvin Cycle sugars CO 2 Sugar Building Reactions ADP  builds sugars  uses ATP & NADPH  recycles ADP & NADP  back to make more ATP & NADPH ATP NADPH NADP CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6  +++ NADPATP + NADPHADP

H2OH2O Energy cycle Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration sun glucose O2O2 CO 2 plants animals, plants ATP CO 2 H2OH2O C 6 H 12 O 6 O2O2 light energy  +++CO 2 H2OH2O C 6 H 12 O 6 O2O2 ATP energy  +++

PHOTOSYNTHESIS What affects photosynthesis? –Light intensity: as light increases, rate of photosynthesis increases

PHOTOSYNTHESIS What affects photosynthesis? –Carbon Dioxide: As CO 2 increases, rate of photosynthesis increases

PHOTOSYNTHESIS What affects photosynthesis? –Temperature: Temperature Low = Rate of photosynthesis low Temperature Increases = Rate of photosynthesis increases If temperature too hot, rate drops

with my best wishes Ahmed mohammed fathy