On the Home Front 18.1 and 18.5. Mobilization... Preparation for War Both Civilian and Military Arsenal for Democracy Speech Four Freedoms Speech www.loc.gov.

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Presentation transcript:

On the Home Front 18.1 and 18.5

Mobilization... Preparation for War Both Civilian and Military Arsenal for Democracy Speech Four Freedoms Speech

Military Term “GI” Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 Increase in defense spending in

Military Diversity Military was still segregated All races and ethnic groups served 1M African-Americans served in total (Tuskegee Airmen) 300,000 Mexicans served mostly in the Army 25,000 Native Americans served (Navajo Code Talkers) (Navajo Code Talkers)

Financing the War Huge increase in federal defense spending $321B in total for the war effort Sources of Funds 1.Increase in Taxes (creation of Payroll Deduction program) 2. War Bonds 3. Deficit Spending

WAR AGENCIES WAR PRODUCTION BOARD: Conversion to wartime industries Allocated raw materials Set priorities for production OFFICE OF WAR MOBILIZATION: Umbrella agency to oversee all the war effort and agencies

WAR AGENCIES OFFICE OF WAR INFORMATION: Work with media to create posters and ads to promote nationalism and patriotism Slogans OFFICE OF PRICE ADMINISTRATION Control Inflation with wage and price controls Institute Rationing of scarce goods

OTHER PROGRAMS Liberty ships Cost-Plus Program Dollar-a-Year federal agency heads National production goals challenge Victory Gardens Volunteer Recycling Blackouts Civil Defense Spotters

Wartime Work Force Unemployment < 2% Wages > +50% GDP > 200% Union membership > 15M Smith-Connally Act – limited strikes Second Great Migration Bracero Program Women

New Role for Women 350,000 into the military in all areas except combat Many new job opportunities 35% of workforce New confidence levels emerged

Discrimination Women Lower pay despite govt. regulation Childcare and home burdens Issues after the war with returning home Native Americans New job opportunities off the reservations Cultural change associated with urban life

Discrimination Mexican-Americans Bracero Program (Mexican Farm Labor) Increased immigration Barrios Zoot Suit Riots in Los Angeles

Discrimination African-AmericansHousing Ghetto tenements Worst neighborhoods 50% substandard Employment Still 1 of 5 jobless Black women the most Actions: 1.“Double V” campaign 2.A. Philip Randolph 3.Executive Order 8802 (end discrimination in defense plants) 4.FEPC (Fair Employment Practices Committee) 5.CORE (Congress of Racial Equality)