Write down the Reactivity Series from Potassium to Gold. Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Carbon Zinc Iron Tin Lead Hydrogen Copper Silver Gold Platinum The most reactive is at the top, the least reactive at the bottom.

iron + oxygen  iron(III) oxide rusting. The Reaction of Iron with Air. Write the Word Equation. What is this Slow Reaction called? iron    +   oxygen            iron(III) oxide rusting.

magnesium oxide + hydrogen The Reaction of Magnesium with Steam. Write the Word Equation. Is this Reaction Reversible? magnesium + steam magnesium oxide     +   hydrogen No

The Reaction of Iron with Dilute Hydrochloric Acid The Reaction of Iron with Dilute Hydrochloric Acid. Write the Word Equation. iron + hydrochloric acid  iron(II) chloride     +   hydrogen.

The Reaction of Iron with Copper(II) Sulphate. Write the Word Equation The Reaction of Iron with Copper(II) Sulphate. Write the Word Equation. What Type of Reaction is this? iron + copper(II) sulphate  iron sulphate  + copper. Metal Displacement Reactions. A metal will displace (take the place of) a less reactive metal in metal salt solution.

What would you See during the Reaction? Copper(II) sulphate is blue, iron sulphate is colourless. During the reaction the blue solution loses its colour and the iron metal is seen to turn pink-brown as the displaced copper becomes deposited on it.

What is Oxidation? What is Reduction? Oxidation means losing electrons and reduction means gaining electrons . OIL RIG

What is an Ore? Metal ore deposits are a finite resource and non-renewable. A mineral which contains a high enough percentage of a metal for economic extraction is called a metal ore.

When is Carbon used for Extraction? A metal below carbon in the reactivity series (zinc to silver) may be extracted from its ore by heating with carbon. The metal is displaced from its non-metal anion by the more reactive carbon. Carbon is used because it is readily available and cheap (coke or charcoal are both carbon). The metal in the ore is said to be reduced by reaction with carbon

When is Electrolysis used for Extraction? Metals above carbon in the reactivity series (potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium and aluminium) are extracted by electrolysis.

What is Aluminium Ore called? Aluminium ore is called bauxite.

What is the Chemical Formula for Aluminium Oxide? Al2O3.

Why is Cryolite added to Aluminium Ore? The alumina must be molten for electrolysis to work, Unfortunately, alumina has a high melting point (2040 °C) and it is not practical to do electrolysis at such a high temperature. A solution of alumina in cryolite melts at about 900 °C and electrolysis is done at about 950 °C.

Which Gases are given off at the Anode? oxygen at the anode.

Why does the Anode need to be Replaced? Oxygen is given off at the positive carbon anode. Carbon dioxide is also given off at the carbon anode because hot oxygen reacts with the carbon anode to form carbon dioxide gas. carbon + oxygen    carbon dioxide. The carbon anodes slowly disappear because each molecule of carbon dioxide which is given off takes a little piece of carbon away with it. The carbon anodes need to be replaced when they become too small

Why is Aluminium More Expensive than Iron? Aluminium is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust after oxygen and silicon. It is the most abundant metal but it is more expensive to produce than iron because of the cost of the large amounts of electricity which are needed for electrolysis. About half of the aluminium used in the UK is recycled.

Give two uses of Aluminium. 1) is strong, malleable and has a low density. 2) is resistant to corrosion. 3) is a good conductor of heat and electricity. 4) can be polished to give a highly reflective surface.

What is Haematite? The main iron ore is called haematite. Haematite is iron(III) oxide - Fe2O3.

Which three Raw Materials are added through the Top of the Blast Furnace ? Iron ore Coke limestone

Write the Balanced Equation for the Combustion of Coke. carbon + oxygen    carbondioxide   +   heat. C(s)  +    O2(g)             CO2(g)             

Which compound Reduces Iron in the Blast Furnace? Carbon monoxide reduces iron in the ore to iron metal.

Why is Limestone used in the Blast Furnace? Limestone is calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and it is added to the blast furnace to remove the impurities in the iron ore.

What is Thermal Decomposition of Limestone. Calcium carbonate is decomposed by heat in the furnace to give calcium oxide (quicklime) and carbon dioxide. This is called thermal decomposition

Give one Use of Slag. The slag (CaSiO3) is used for road construction.

In purification of Copper the Anode made from Pure or Impure Copper? The anode is a block of impure copper.

Which Compound is used as the Electrolyte during Purification? Aqueous copper sulphate

Write the equation for the Reduction of Copper at the Cathode. Cu(s)  -  2e-       Cu2+(aq)

Give two Uses of Copper. 1) Copper is an excellent conductor of electricity and heat. 2) Copper is soft, easily bent and shaped (malleable). 3) Copper is resistant to corrosion (very unreactive).