Table of Contents Water on Earth Surface Water Exploring the Ocean Currents and Climate The Water Planet

5-1: Water on Earth The graph shows the water used per person in the ten states of the United States with the largest populations. Why is Water Important? Body Processes: o cellular function o organ function. Habitat: o place where organisms live.

5-1 Water on Earth These graphs show how much of Earth’s water is found in different forms. Where is Water Found? Salt Water Oceans 97% Fresh Water 3% Ice Rivers and Lakes Ground Water

Water on Earth Earth’s Major Waterways The map shows Earth’s oceans and some major freshwater sources.

Used essential 3% Ind. Processes life Earth’s Surface rivers lakes found glaciers Ice caps underground unusable

What is The Water Cycle? Water moves between land, living things, bodies of water, and atmosphere. 5-1: Water on Earthp 190

rain plants Transpiration Evaporation Earth’s Surface Atmosphere atmosphere Earth’s surface water movement hail snow

River Systems Tributaries- Streams and smaller rivers that feed into a main river. Pulled by gravity. Lesson 2: Surface Waterp 192

Watershed- The land area that supplies water to a river system. (Drainage Basin) Surface Waterp194

Surface Waterp195 Divides- keep watersheds separate by a ridge. valley Peak

What Are Ponds and Lakes? p. 196

Lakes form When…. 1. Rivers break 2. Glaciers (Oxbow lake) 3. Rift valley ---- cracks in Earth’s crust 4. Volcanoes--- old craters 5.Dams ---- Reservoir- a lake that stores water for human use.

Eutrophication – algae use nutrients (from Dead organisms or waste) and spread forming a layer on surface of water. Lakes change when….p. 198 Human Role F ertilizers flow into ponds and lakes. Nutrients in water start the process.

Surface Water An Endless Cycle How can these processes be diagrammed to show a water cycle?

Lesson 3 Exploring the Ocean Salinity Total amount of salt in a solution of water. Changes due to precipitation or evaporation. Effects of Salinity Freezing point of water decreases. Higher density – things float easier.

Lesson 3 Exploring the Ocean Temperature Depends on location and seasons Colder near poles, warmer near equator Depths Surface – Warmer, less pressure Transition - in between phase Deep – Cooler, more pressure

Exploring the Ocean Ocean Floor Sonar – sound navigation. Helps map ocean floor. 1. Seamount – volcanic mountains not above water. Near mid-ocean ridge. 2. Trench – Long deep valley – where ocean floor is sinking. 3. Continental Slope – From land to water. Ocean floor gets suddenly steep. 4. Continental Shelf – Gently sloping, shallow area. Transition from land to water. “beach” 5. Abyssal Plain – Mud, silt- very bottom, flat, very deep 6. Mid Ocean Ridge- chain of mountains. Where new land is forming.

5-4 Currents and Climate Surface Currents - driven mainly by wind. What is a current? - Stream of moving water in oceans. -Moves in a circular motion. Coriolis Effect Curve of wind from poles to equator as earth rotates. Northern Hemisphere Clockwise Southern Hemisphere Counter-clockwise

Surface Currents Gulf Stream: Largest, most powerful From Gulf of Mexico to east coast of U.S. Effects our weather.

Warming Sea Temperature The images show what happens to temperature below the surface of the ocean during an El Niño event. Red indicates a warmer sea surface temperature. El Nino Every 2-7 Years LARGE amounts of warm water cover an area Cold water cannot move to surface (traps cold water) STRONG weather systems La Nina Surface water cooler than usual Opposite of El Nino

Deep Currents Deep currents near ocean floor Caused by: Difference in Density of water Carry cold water from poles to equator Movement like: Conveyor Belt cold/dense water sinks, warm water pushed upward

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