Integumentary System Review

#1 The 5 Function(s) Physical protection Temperature Regulation Protects against water loss Excretion Synthesis of vitamin D3

#2 and #3 Serous, Mucous and Synovial Membranes Serous: line body cavities with no openings (thorax) Mucous: line cavities that open to outside (anus, nose) Synovial: line joints (elbow)

#4 Structure of Skin 2 layers – epidermis and dermis

#5 Which layer has the most accessories? The Dermis

#6 Epidermis Layers from outer to inner 1. Stratum Corneum 2. Stratum Lucidum 3. Stratum Granulosum 4. Stratum Spinosum 5. Stratum Basale

#7 Melanocytes in the Stratum Basale produce melanin

#8 Skin Color Is determined by 3 pigments Hemoglobin – red pigment within rbc Melanin – brown pigment in melanocytes Carotene – orange-yellow pigment found in both epidermal cells and dermal fat cells

#9 Dermis contains... 1. Elastic and fibrous connective tissue 2. Blood vessels integrated within to help regulate body temperature 3. Nerve tissue carries sensory impulese 4. Hair follicles 5. Sebaceous Glands (oil) 6. Sweat glands

#10 Subcutaneous contains... 1. Adipose tissue (insulation) 2. Larger blood vessels 3. Larger nerve fibers

#11 Accessory Structures of the Integument Hair follicles Oil and sweat glands Nails

#12 Hair Most skin surfaces Composed of recycled epidermal cells Arrector pilli muscle controls “goosebumps” Hair color is genetic

#13 & #14 Sebaceous Glands Attached to hair follicles (usually) Secrete oil which helps keep hair soft & waterproof Acne is a bacterial infection of the sebaceous gland

#15 Sweat Glands Most numerous in palms & soles Sweat is mostly water, but also salts and urea and uric acid. Some are specialized such as the ones in the ear (ear wax) Response to heat or emotional stress

#16 &17 Regulation of Body Temperature 37°C or 98.6°F Heat Lost = Heat Produced Thermometer is called the hypothalamus (in the brain) Internal regulation is called homeostasis (biological balance) Sweating, shivering, flushing, are examples of temperature regulation

Homework Worksheet Review

Body Membranes 1. Cutaneous 2. Synovial 3. Mucous 4. Serous

Functions of Integumentary System 1. Protection 2. Thermoregulation 3. Excretion 4. Keeps water in or out 5. Vitamin D Synthesis

Structure of the Skin 1. Subcutaneous Layer 2. Stratum Basale 3. Epidermis 4. Dermis 5. Subcutaneous Layer 6. Epidermis 7. Stratum Corneum

… Structure of the Skin 8. Dermis 9. Stratum Basale 10. Stratum Corneum 11. Subcutaneous Layer 12. Dermis 13. Dermis 14. Epidermis 15. Dermis

Skin Color 1. Melanin, Carotene, Hemoglobin 2. Melanin 3. Melanin 4. Melanocytes 5. Sunlight 6. Genetics 7. Sun

Summer tans are temporary Because skin is continually sloughed off and new cells are formed

Diagram of the Skin 13 Arrector Pili 12 Sebaceous Gland 11 Capillary 9 Stratum Basale 2 Dermis 5 Stratum Corneum 8 Dermal papilla 3 Subcutaneous 1 Epidermis 15 Sweat Gland 14 Hair Follicle 7 Sweat Gland Duct 4 hair Shaft 6 Sweat Pore 16 Nerve Fiber 10 Touch Receptor

Accessory Structures 1. Hair Follicle 2. Sebaceous Gland 3. Arrector Pili 4. Sweat / Sudoriferous 5. Apocrine 6. Apocrine / Sebaceous 7. Sudoriferous

….Accessory Structures 8. Keratin 9. Protection 10. Perspiration 11. Sebum 12. Cerumen 13. Pink

Temperature Regulation 1. 37°C 2. 98.6°F 3. Respiration 4. Muscle 5. Hypothalamus 6. Skin

…Temperature Regulation 7. Blood 8. Perspiration 9. Loss 10. Heat

…. Temperature Regulation 11. Increased 12. Flushing 13. Sweat 14. Evaporation 15. Heat