To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Resources Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource. glencoe.com Image Bank Foldables Video Clips and Animations Standardized Test Practice Chapter Review Questions Chapter Summary

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To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank People Eating

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To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Respiration Make the following Foldable to help identify what you already know, what you want to know, and what you learn about respiration.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Fold a vertical sheet of paper from side to side. Make the front edge about 1.25 cm shorter than the back edge.

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To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Before you read the chapter, write I breathe under the left tab, and write Why do I breathe? under the center tab. As you read the chapter, write the answer you learn under the right tab. Identify Questions

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To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 1 1 Mechanical digestion breaks down food through chewing and churning. Enzymes and other chemicals aid chemical digestion. The Digestive System Food passes through the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum and then out the anus. Reviewing Main Ideas The large intestine absorbs water, which helps the body maintain homeostasis.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 2 2 Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water are the six nutrients found in foods. Nutrition Health is affected by the combination of foods that make up a diet. Reviewing Main Ideas

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 3 3 The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide. The Respiratory System Breathing is the movement of the chest that allows air to move into the lungs and waste gases to leave the lungs. Reviewing Main Ideas

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 3 3 The Respiratory System Reviewing Main Ideas The chemical reaction in cells that needs oxygen to release energy and produces carbon dioxide and water as wastes is called cellular respiration. Smoking causes many respiratory problems, including chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 4 4 The Excretory System Reviewing Main Ideas The urinary system is part of the excretory system. The skin, lungs, liver, and large intestine are also excretory organs. The kidneys are the major organs of the urinary system and have a two-stage filtration system that removes wastes. When kidneys fail to work, an artificial kidney can be used to filter the blood in a process called dialysis.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 1 Which parts of the mouth in this diagram are used for mechanical digestion? LE 1.2c

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review A. salivary glands only B. teeth only C. teeth and tongue D. tongue and salivary glands LE 1.2c

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer The correct answer is C. Mechanical digestion takes place when food is chewed, mixed, and churned. Teeth break food up and the tongue mixes the food.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 2 Which is a main function of the large intestine? A. absorption of nutrients B. absorption of water C. chemical digestion of fats D. production of chyme LE 1.2c

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer The correct answer is B. After excess water is absorbed, the remaining undigested material becomes more solid. These semisolid wastes are called feces.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 3 Why should you take in water soluble vitamins every day in your food? Answer Because they are water soluble, these vitamins are not stored in your body. Other vitamins are fat-soluble and can be stored by your body. LE 1.2c

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 4 What waste gas is expelled when you exhale? Answer Carbon dioxide is expelled. This gas is produced as a waste product of cellular respiration and is carried by the blood to the lungs. LE 1.2d

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 5 Which is a function of this structure? A. collects oxygen from the lungs B. filters wastes from blood C. produces vitamins D. secretes digestive enzymes LE 1.2e

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer The correct answer is B. This structure is a nephron. A kidney is made up of about 1 million of these filtering units. The filtered waste is called urine.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 1 The internal surface of the small intestine is covered with these projections. What is their importance? LE 1.2c

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice A. absorb wastes from food B. increase the surface area of small intestine C. secrete bicarbonate ions and enzymes D. serve as an area where beneficial bacteria live LE 1.2c

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The correct answer is B. These projections, called villi, allow more places for nutrients to be absorbed. Nutrients move into blood vessels within the villi and are then transported to all the cells in your body.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 2 Calcium and phosphorus are examples of what type of nutrients? A. carbohydrates B. fats C. minerals D. vitamins LE 1.2b

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The correct answer is C. Minerals are inorganic nutrients. Calcium and phosphorus are used for the formation and maintenance of bone in your body.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 3 This table shows some of the information available from nutritional labels on four different foods. Which food should you eat if you need to get more fiber in your diet? Percent daily requirement in one serving of each food Peanut butter Brown rice Black beans Canned tuna Fiber7%4%28%0% Calcium2%0%6%0% Total fat24%2% LE 5.2b

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Percent daily requirement in one serving of each food Peanut butter Brown rice Black beans Canned tuna Fiber7%4%28%0% Calcium2%0%6%0% Total fat24%2% A. black beans B. brown rice C. canned tuna D. peanut butter LE 5.2b

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The correct answer is A. One serving of black beans would supply 28% of your daily requirement of fiber. None of the other foods is as high in fiber.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 4 What does this diagram illustrate? LE 1.2d

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice A. how asthma causes shortness of breath B. how blood carries oxygen away from the lungs LE 1.2d

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice C. how to clear a blocked airway of a choking victim D. how the diaphragm changes the volume of the chest LE 1.2d

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The correct answer is D. The volume of the chest changes as the diaphragm contracts and relaxes. This helps gases move into and out of your lungs.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 5 A dialysis machine can replace or help with some of the functions of the _______. A. bladder B. kidneys C. lungs D. pancreas LE 1.2e

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The correct answer is B. A dialysis machine acts as an artificial kidney and filters the blood to remove wastes.

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