Chapter 14 RAD Guide Thursday, May 26, 2016

What is the difference between macronutrients & micronutrients? Macro: provide the body with energy Micro: provide essential chemicals

What units do we measure macronutrients energy in? What is 1 kcal equivalent to? Kilocalories 1 kcal = amount of energy needed to raise 1 kg of H 2 O by 1 o C

Describe the 4 major groups of nutrients. 1.Carbohydrates: C,H,O in a 1:2:1 ratio a.Simple: used quickly b.Complex: long lasting energy c.4kcal per gram d.Fruits, veggies, grains 2.Protein: made of amino acids a.Construction of muscles b.4kcal per gram c.Meat, eggs, beans, tofu

3.Fats: 3 fatty acids attached to glycerol a.Lipids b.9kcal per gram c.Saturated or Unsaturated d.Meats, Oils, Butters 4.Vitamins & Minerals a.Micronutrients b.Minerals come from Earth c.Fruits and vegetables

How many kcal’s does an average human require per day? kcal per day

How many people are chronically hungry each year? How many people die of starvation each year? 500 million people are hungry 13 million people die each year

What is malnutrition? Provide 2 examples. Lack of a specific type of nutrient Examples: –Kwashiorkor (lack protein) –Scurvy (lack Vit. C) –Beri beri (lack Vit. B1) –Rickets (Lack Vit. D) –Goiter (Lack iodine)

What circumstances make it difficult for neediest countries to improve food production? Long drought, civil war, political stability

Describe 3 ways economics has impacted production of food. 1.Green Revolution: 1960’s Developments of new strains of wheat & rice to help developing countries Resistant to disease, grow faster, survive in variety of climates Need a lot of water Increase grains, decrease price Expensive to plant + -

2.Cash Crops: crops grown for purpose of selling Poor farmers can’t sell crops to other poor people in country Choose to export for $ Grown for government to buy weapons & support political leaders

3.Food From Water Aquaculture: commercially grown food in controlled water environment Fresh or salt water Reduce the overfishing of oceans Produces 21 million metric tons  Oceans provide 100 million metric tons without damage  Problem: world is taking 95+million metric tons

Explain how agriculture historically has been a labor-intensive job. Prepare soil, plant seeds, maintaining crops, harvesting all by hand

What changed in middle of 20 th century for agriculture? Equipment became powered by fossil fuels

How has industrialized agric. had a positive impact on food production? A negative impact on environment? Able to feed 5 people in 1850 per farmer; now able to feed 78 people after industrialized agriculture Requires a large amount of energy, pesticides, and fertilizers

Has environment adapted to use of chemical such as pesticides? Why or why not? Yes, because some bugs became resistant to pesticides

What is monoculture farming? Does this have a positive or negative impact on environment? Grow 1 or 2 crops that get highest prices Negative: can get same disease, soil becomes depleted from nutrients

Why is quinoa considered “mother grain” by Incas of South America? High in protein, good balance of amino acids, & grows well in mountainous areas

What has the need to remain competitive in global market done to environment? Soil erosion Deforestation Hunger War Desertification Environmental damage

What is sustainable agriculture? Describe 3 main components. 1.Crop Rotation: changing your crops on a regular cycle a.Prevents soil from becoming depleted of nutrients 2.Reduce Erosion a.Careful irrigation & soil management i.Drip irrigation b.Reduce tillage

3.Pest Management a.IPM: integrated pest management b.Use natural predators to control pest i.Bats ii.Lady bugs