©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Chapter 32: The Conservative Challenge Preview: “As frustration mounted over an era of limits, conservatives pressed to restore traditional religious and social values. Ronald Reagan led the political charge with a program to reduce government regulations, raise military spending, and lower taxes….But as the national debt rose sharply and a recession deepened, voters reined in the conservative movement.” The Highlights: The Conservative Rebellion The Conservative Rebellion Prime Time with Ronald Reagan Prime Time with Ronald Reagan Standing Tall in a Chaotic World Standing Tall in a Chaotic World An End to the Cold War An End to the Cold War

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Conservative Rebellion Born Again Born Again –Evangelicals –Moral Majority, Inc (1979) The Catholic Conscience The Catholic Conscience –Vatican II ( ) –Pope John Paul II 32-2

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Media as Battleground The Media as Battleground –Topical sitcoms –M*A*S*H –People for the American Way: Norman Lear The Election of 1980 The Election of 1980 –Ronald Reagan spoke the language of true conservatism –Reagan made striking gains among union workers, southern white Protestants, Catholics, and Jews 32-3

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©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Great Communicator The Great Communicator –The Reagan style –“Teflon president” The Reagan Agenda The Reagan Agenda –Supply-side economies –Military Buildup Prime Time with Ronald Reagan 32-5

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Reagan Revolution in Practice The Reagan Revolution in Practice –Environmental controversies –Tax cuts The Supply-Side Scorecard The Supply-Side Scorecard –The transfer of wealth –The Reagan boom was an uneven one despite continued economic expansion 32-6

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 32-7

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Military Buildup The Military Buildup –Core of the Reagan revolution was a sharp rise in military spending –Star Wars “Reagan described the Soviet Union as an ‘evil empire.’ To defeat Communism he supported a sharp rise in military spending. Outlays rose from less than $200 billion under Presidents Ford and Carter to almost $300 billion in 1985, when growing opposition led to some constraint”(1084). 32-8

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Standing Tall in a Chaotic World Terrorism in the Middle East Terrorism in the Middle East –American Marines sent into Lebanon as part of a European-American peacekeeping force –Terrorist attacks by Islamic fundamentalists bedeviled Reagan Mounting Frustrations in Central America Mounting Frustrations in Central America –Grenada invasion (1983) –Boland Amendment 32-9

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©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Iran-Contra Connection The Iran-Contra Connection –Arms for hostages deal –Lieutenant Colonel Oliver “Ollie” North Cover Blown Cover Blown –Irangate From Cold War to Glasnost From Cold War to Glasnost –Mikhail Gorbachev –Intermediate Nuclear Force treaty (1987) 32-11

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Election of 1988 The Election of 1988 –Vice-President George Bush versus Governor Michael Dukakis of Massachusetts –Bush won with 54 percent of the popular vote 32-12

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill An End to the Cold War A Post-Cold War Foreign Policy A Post-Cold War Foreign Policy –The fall of communism –Policy of “status quo plus” The Gulf War The Gulf War –Saddam Hussein –Operation Desert Storm (1991) 32-13

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©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Domestic Doldrums Domestic Doldrums –Environmental issues –“Education Summit” The Conservative Court The Conservative Court –The Clarence Thomas hearings –Stance on Affirmative Action Disillusionment and Anger Disillusionment and Anger –S&L crisis –AIDS (early 1980’s) 32-15

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Election of 1992 The Election of 1992 –Gramm-Rudman Act (1985) –White-collar unemployment –“It’s the Economy…” “What role would the United States play in the post-cold war era, when it stood as the lone superpower in the world arena? That was a question for William Jefferson Clinton as he sought to lead the United States into the twenty-first century”(1098)