Review form Part I... Message? Meaning? Symbolism?

Review form Part I... Message? Meaning? Symbolism?

Review form Part I... Message? Meaning? Symbolism?

ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACY “We must be the great arsenal of democracy” -FDR Objective… Describe how President Roosevelt’s initiatives mobilized the U.S. for war.

17) The War Powers Act… Gives FDR the power to… –Reorganizes federal government –Creates new agencies –Censors information –Abridges civil liberties –Seizes foreign property –Awards government contracts 1942: U.S. production = Italy, Germany & Japan 1944: 2 X greater Following Pearl Harbor the single greatest challenge facing FDR is meeting the challenge of all out war production.

Financing the War: U.S. cost: $341 billion More than all U.S. budgets from X cost of WW I How do we raise the money?...

Bugs Bunny War Bond Cartoon

Price Control Act of 1942 or “cost plus system”...

The Pentagon (1942) HQ: U.S. Dept. of Defense World’s largest office building 17.5 miles of corridors 26, 000 employees Most efficient office building… 7 min between two points

18) Explain how the federal wartime agencies focused the war effort… Mobilizing: - Supply Priorities Allocation Board - Office of Price Administration (OPA)… - National War Labor Board - Office of War Information - Office of Strategic Services

Mobilizing: Supply Priorities & Allocation Board… –Allocates & controls the resources needed for war –Limits consumer products Office of Price Administration (OPA)… - Prevent inflation & ration consumer goods. - Rationing: Tires, autos, sugar, gas, fuel oil, coffee, meats & other foods

Rationing… Ride Sharing...

Mobilizing: National War Labor Board… –Worked for cooperation between labor & management –Limited wages & strikes –Supported: 8 hr day, unionism, gender equity pay for & employee grievance procedures

Mobilizing: Domestic Propaganda Office of War Information… - Words, posters & films to win the hearts & minds of Americans Propaganda Messages: Get a job; Work hard; Recycle; Sacrifice; Buy Bonds; Remain Silent Daffy Duck propaganda film

Office of Strategic Services (OSS)… -Collects & analyzes information about countries at war with the U.S. - Organized sabotage & espionage in other countries

1) The size of the federal government during the war… - The size of government compared with the New Deal Era...

2) The effect of the war on the national budget & defense spending…. 3) What was the fate of the New Deal?...

Objectives… Describe how FDR’s call to make America the “arsenal of democracy” affected the economy. Describe how FDR’s call to make America the “arsenal of democracy” affected the economy, female workers, minority workers and organized labor.

The War Production Board… How effective was it?... The War Production Board… “Responsibility for the economy” Created 17M jobs Factories operate 24 / 7 50% of GNP = war goods GNP: 1939: $88.6B 1944: $198.7B 4) What advantages gave the US the potential to out produce the enemy?...

Arsenal of Democracy Military Production Totals for ,000 planes 80,000 landing craft 650,000 artillery pieces 15M rifles 100,000 armored cars 75,000 tanks 3m. tons bombs 41M rounds ammo

Ship building: 1941: 355 days………..1945: 14 days

Willow Run Bomber Plant 1 mile assembly line - 42,000 employees

Hiding the Lockheed Plant…

A. Supply Priorities & Allocation Board D. OSS B. Office of War Information E. The War Production Board C. Price Control Act of 1942 F. National War Labor Board 1. Organized sabotage & espionage in other countries 2. Allocates & controls the resources needed for war 3. Responsibility for the war economy 4. Collects & analyzes information about countries at war with the U.S. 5. Worked for cooperation between labor & management - Limited wages & strikes 6. Waged a constant battle for the hearts and minds of Americans

Describe how economic conversion affected the US economy… The Great Depression is over the GNP doubles Unemployment becomes under employment: 1941: 9.9% 1945: 1.2%... 17millon new jobs Man power shortages in industry

5) Describe how defense production affected the various geographic regions of the country… CA 40B in defense funds - 10% of total S to N or W…. Detroit & CA Southern textiles boom Sharecroppers to factories Rural pop. Down 20% U.S. middle class doubles

7) Groups experiencing new employment opportunities…

Objectives… Describe how FDR’s call to make America the “arsenal of democracy” affected female workers.

8) Employment opportunities for females… - Changing & challenging stereotypes… 9) The dual message being communicated to women by the government…

Female Workers Female labor + 50% White women 35+ & married become the majority employed AA women: From domestic work to manufacturing jobs National War Labor Board promotes: = work = pay… Reality is that women are paid less

10) Rosie the Riveter

Objective… Describe how FDR’s call to make America the “arsenal of democracy” affected minority workers. Minority Workers…. Mexicans: – Agriculture & ship building African Americans: Up 33% in industrial work Native Americans

Objective… Describe how FDR’s call to make America the “arsenal of democracy” affected organized labor.

11) What economic factors compromised the prosperity of workers?...

15) How did the size, gender & racial make- up of labor unions change during the war years? 13) How did unionism benefit from the policies of the NWLB?... 14) What was a “hate strike”... How effective?...

Recruiting women workers…