Education Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys- MICS3 Analysis and Report Writing Workshop Panama City, July 12-20, 2006

Indicators Participation 1.Pre-school attendance 2.School readiness 3.Net intake rate in primary education 4.Net primary school attendance rate 5.Net secondary school attendance rate 6.Female to male education ratio (gender parity index-GPI) Progression 1.Survival rate to grade five 2.Transition rate to secondary school 3.Net primary completion rate 4.Adult literacy rate

Goals World Fit for Children (WFFC) Providing quality education Early childhood education Children out of school and alternative education Numeracy, literacy and essential life skills Adult literacy Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Achieve universal primary education Promote gender equality and empower women

Why to measure education? Reasons: Provide a comprehensive description of childrens participation and progression in the education system To evaluate impact of programs and interventions based on trends

Data sources Administrative records Population census School surveys Household surveys

Are there differences? if yes why? Existing evidence: Different concepts and definitions (enrolment versus attendance) Deficient administrative records Measurement errors

Which is the approach in MICS3? Estimation of indicators based on household survey to inform data from administrative records Use other existing estimates and compare along time Report within the existing context of data availability and limitations

Which countries included this module in MICS3? 6 out of 7 Belize, Dominican Republic, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago Cuba included part of the module only Mongolia?

Pre-school net attendance ratio Numerator: Number of children aged months that attend some form of early childhood education programme Denominator: Total number of children aged months surveyed

BIRTH REGISTRATION AND EARLY LEARNING MODULEBR BR1. Does (name) have a birth certificate? May I see it? Yes, seen1 Yes, not seen2 No3 DK8 1 BR5 BR2. Has ( names ) birth been registered with the civil authorities? Yes1 No2 DK8 1 BR5 8 BR4 BR3. Why is ( names ) birth not registered?Costs too much [I1] 1 [I1] Must travel too far2 Did not know it should be registered3 Did not want to pay fine4 Does not know where to register5 Other ( specify )6 DK8 BR4. Do you know how to register your childs birth? Yes1 No2 BR5. Check age of child in UF11: Child is 3 or 4 years old? Yes. Continue with BR6 No. Go to BR8 BR6. Does ( name ) attend any organized learning or early childhood education programme, such as a private or government facility, including kindergarten or community child care? Yes1 No2 DK8 2 BR8 8 BR8 BR7. Within the last seven days, about how many hours did ( name ) attend? No. of hours__ __ [I1] Adapt code categories to locally-relevant ones and pre-test.[I1]

Methodological issues The results are presented for 3-4 years only It is possible to estimate pre-school participation for 5-6 years old from data collected with the household questionnaire However, these numbers are not comparable mainly because pre-school participation not always include non-formal early learning centers

School readiness Numerator: Number of children in first grade that attended some form of pre-school the previous year Denominator: Total number of children in the first grade surveyed

SPSS Program Generates basic table: ED.1 Generates: – the percentage of 3 and 4 year old attending early education: total and by background variables – the percentage of children attending first grade who attended ECE the year before

Net intake rate in primary education Numerator: Number of children of primary school-entry age that are currently attending first grade Denominator: Total number of children of primary-school entry age surveyed

SPSS Program Generates basic table: ED.2 Percentage of children of primary school-entry age that are currently attending first grade

Primary school net attendance rate Numerator: Number of children of primary-school age currently attending primary or secondary school Denominator: Total number of children of primary-school age surveyed Note: the primary school age is defined at the country level and agreed at the international level via ISCED1

Primary school ages according to ISCED1 Belize5-10 Cuba6-11 Dominican Republic6-11 Guyana 6-11 Jamaica6-11 Suriname6-11 Trinidad and Tobago 5-11 Mongolia8-11

SPSS Program Generates basic table: ED.3 Percentage of children of primary-school age currently attending primary or secondary school

Secondary school net attendance rate Numerator: Number of children of secondary-school age currently attending secondary or tertiary school Denominator: Total number of children of secondary-school age surveyed Note: the secondary school age is defined at the country level and agreed at the international level via ISCED2

Secondary school ages according to ISCED2 Belize11-16 Cuba12-16 Dominican Republic13-17 Guyana Jamaica12-16 Suriname12-17 Trinidad and Tobago Mongolia12-17

SPSS Program Generates basic table: ED.4 Percentage of children of secondary school age currently attending secondary or tertiary school

Methodological issues Results refer to attendance instead of enrolment In reality we should aim to measure attendance Enrolment tends to over estimate school participation Results refer to net attendance instead of gross Gross attendance in primary/secondary education includes children of no primary/no secondary education ages Gross attendance ratios can be greater than 100% Primary/secondary attendance ratios include children attending primary or higher/secondary or higher

Female to male education ratio Gender parity index (GPI) Numerator: Girls net enrolment/attendance ratio in primary, secondary, or tertiary education Denominator: Boys net enrolment/attendance ratio in primary, secondary, or tertiary education

SPSS Program Generates basic table: ED.7 Generates: –gender parity index for primary net attendance ratios (girls/boys) –gender parity index for secondary net attendance ratios (girls/boys)

Methodological issues GPIs are based on net attendance ratios (primary/secondary) Sometimes GPIs are based on gross attendance/enrolment ratios (primary/secondary) Gross ratios are mostly used when data is not available by age of the child Net is preferred over gross because it describes better the situation in terms to gender equality (the ideal situation) Gross ratios are useful when children are not attending the grade that corresponds to their age

A holistic approach To better describe school participation we propose: Look at primary and secondary together Use the following 3 simple indicators: –Primary net attendance ratio –Secondary net attendance ratio –Percentage of secondary school age children that are attending primary school Present analysis of school participation (levels and GPI) in a comprehensive way rather than primary and secondary separated

Population ,228 Children 6-11 Primary (A) School = 2559 Out of primary school = 146 Attending primary School = 2,413 (B) Children Secondary (C) School = 2,669 Attending (D) School = 2,177 Attending primary school = 1,085 (E) Attending Secondary (F) School = 1,092 Not attending School = 492 Using Gross ratios: PGAR = (B+E)/A = (2,413+ 1,085)/2,559=137% Using Net Ratios: PNAR = B/A = 2,413/2,559 = 94% SNAR = F/C = 1,092/2,669 = 41% Ratio of SAP/PS = E/C = 1,085/2,669 = 41%

The analysis then produces… Primary education among children 6-11years of age: –94% attend primary or higher –6% do not attend primary education Secondary education among children 12-17: –41% attend secondary or higher –41% attend primary education –18% do not attend school In total, we have that 24% of the children 6-17 years of age are out of school

Survival rate to grade five Definition: Proportion of children entering the first grade of primary school that eventually reach grade five

Survival rate to grade 5 The percentage of children entering first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5 is calculated as the product of four probabilities: the probability that a child in grade 1 eventually reaches grade 2 the probability that a child in grade 2 eventually reaches grade 3 the probability that a child in grade 3 eventually reaches grade 4 the probability that a child in grade 4 eventually reaches grade 5

Example: to calculate the probability that a child in grade 1 eventually reaches grade 2 the number of children who are in 2nd grade of primary school at the time of the survey and who were in 1st grade last year is divided by: the number of children who were in 1st grade last year and graduated to 2nd grade or dropped out of school

Children reaching grade 5

SPSS Program Generates basic table: ED.5 Probability that children who enter grade 1 of primary school, eventually reach grade 5

Methodological issues RG5 is an indicator with some degree of difficulty for both estimation and interpretation Note that in the current approach we exclude from our estimation children found to be repeating a grade under the assumption that their probability of dropping from school, repeating again, or promotion to the next grade is included in the other cohorts It measures the probability for children starting grade 1 to reach grade 5 and it is based on children that are participating in school It is used as a proxy for literacy among children

Net primary completion ratio Numerator: Number of children of primary school completion age attending the last grade of primary school Denominator: Total number of children of primary school completion age (age appropriate to final grade of primary school) surveyed

Transition rate to secondary school Numerator: Number of children that were in the last grade of primary school during the previous school year that attend secondary school Denominator: Total number of children that were in the last grade of primary school during the previous school year surveyed

SPSS Program Generates basic table: ED.6 Generates: –Net primary school completion ratios –Transition rates to secondary education

Literacy rate Numerator: Number of women aged years that are able to read a short simple statement about everyday life Denominator: Total number of women aged years surveyed

SPSS Program Generates basic table: ED.8 Percentage of women years of age identified as literate

Methodological issues Literacy among women years of age is used as a proxy for adult literacy It measures the ability to read a few sentences Its interpretation should be done cautiously Presents a gender component

Thank You!