EDIT 6900: Research Methods in Instructional Technology UGA, Instructional Technology Spring, 2010 If you can hear audio, click If you cannot hear audio, click If you have a question, click Lloyd Rieber Co-Instructor Greg Francom Graduate Assistant TJ Kopcha Co-Instructor

Four Topics for Today Lessons from the “LSAT Logic in Everyday Life” Podcast Debrief Literature Critique RDA Conducting a Review of Literature –Overview of the next RDA Planning Your Research (or Development) Project

Course Project: Will you do this individually or with a partner? Date to decide by: February 5 To declare your intention, update your class profile and write the name of your partner or the word “individual” in the field titled “Project Team.”

I would have predicted most would have decided to do this with a partner, but 15 have decided to do it individually.

That’s really interesting! I wonder why that is. (Wow, I may have stumbled on a research topic!)

Informal Activity SDC Systematic Data Collection An informal, (hopefully) enjoyable activity designed to give you first-hand experience collecting research data Your Task: Go and research something of interest to you! Report on it informally in writing Give 5 minute oral report 10%, Due: April 14

“Video Game Theory”

Let’s choose the person to briefly summarize this week’s podcast…

“Video Game Theory” Take away points One Two

RDA: Literature Critique Debrief

Different Types of Scholarly Articles Research Review Theoretical/Conceptual Others, less valued –Development (look what I did) –Point of view, essay, opinion –Pure fluff

Research Article A formal presentation of an original research study (or sometimes a series of studies) Things to look for: –Research Question –Description of Research Methodology –Summary of data collected from participants –Interpretation and conclusions of the data The authors of the article are the ones who collected the primary data! They conducted the interviews, scored the tests, sent out the surveys, etc. etc.

What was the research about? What were the findings?

Important Take-Away Points Use performance data to investigate whether answers on surveys or interviews match what people actually do or believe. Too much educational research relies too heavily on introspective data. Example of mixed methods (though we had to back down from our qualitative results in the final version).

Review Article An evaluative survey of previously published work Usually organized by a guiding theory or point of view. The author of a review article summarizes previous investigations of a certain problem or topic, comments on what progress has been made toward its resolution, and suggests areas of the problem that require further study.

Theoretical Article Also evaluates past research, but focuses on the development of theories used to explain empirical findings. The author may present a new theory to explain a set of findings, or may compare and contrast a set of competing theories, suggesting why one theory might be the superior one.

How to Avoid Inadvertent Plagiarism As you read the literature (e.g. articles, book chapters, etc.), write down the entire reference as a first step to taking notes. If you write down text from the source verbatim in your notes, put quotation marks around the text and note the page number. Don’t assume you’ll remember.

However, use quotes sparingly in your writing! Use them judiciously for impact and for those rare times when the authors’ own words expertly capture the essence of the idea. Most of the time, you should be paraphrasing and summarizing (and giving credit to the author, of course).

Do you have questions about writing? When do I quote? When do I use a block quote vs. quoting within a paragraph? When do I paraphrase? When do I summarize? What are good writing practices for an academic paper? How do I organize the paper? Etc., etc., etc Where are the answers?

The Next Best Thing

Gosh, writing is hard work! (Yes, it is. But it is also very rewarding.)

If you didn’t read it, don’t cite it!

Planning Your Research Project Chapter 5

Name this researcher.

Scientists work to discover how smart whales really are!

Are you a quantitative researcher, or a qualitative researcher?

Are you a good witch, or a bad witch? And the answer is?

Why, I’m not a witch at all. I’m Dorothy Gale, from Kansas.

Why, I’m not a witch at all. I’m an educational researcher, from Georgia.

 Quantitative research Answer questions about relationships among measured variables with the purpose of explaining, predicting, and controlling phenomena. Traditional, experimental, or positivist approach  Qualitative research Answer questions about complex nature of phenomena, often with the purpose of describing and understanding the phenomena from the participants’ point of view. Interpretative, constructivist, or postpositivist approach Comparing Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches

Research Design Activity Review of Literature

RDA: Literature Review New Dates First draft due by the end of today –Remember to alert buddies Buddy feedback due Feb. 26 (Fri.) Final draft due March 1 (Mon.)

Writing a Review of Literature: What to avoid…

Avoid this… Smith (2005) found that…. lfkj aslfjslkfkldsjsdjldsj s dfsdj lfsjd aflksjd flksajdflksdj lfksaj fsdlfdslfsdflsd lkfjsdlkf sdlf jslajf lskjflas Jones (2006) found that …. lfkj aslfjslkfkldsjsdjldsj s dfsdj lfsjd aflksjd flksajdflksdj lfksaj fsdlfdslfsdflsd lkfjsdlkf sdlf jslajf lskjflas Thomas (2004) found that …. lfkj aslfjslkfkldsjsdjldsj s dfsdj lfsjd aflksjd flksajdflksdj lfksaj fsdlfdslfsdflsd lkfjsdlkf sdlf jslajf lskjflas Jacobs (2001) found that …. lfkj aslfjslkfkldsjsdjldsj s dfsdj lfsjd aflksjd flksajdflksdj lfksaj fsdlfdslfsdflsd lkfjsdlkf sdlf jslajf lskjflas

Review the sample review of literature on pgs

RDA: Review of the Literature Our dilemma: Need to learn how to write a literature review, but you probably haven’t made much progress yet in your library search Solution: The focus of This RDA is on structure, not content You are allowed to use imaginary primary data for this RDA.

RDA: Review of the Literature The RDA is meant to will free you to focus on how to write a review of literature that is strong on Evaluation, Organization, Integration, and Synthesis

RDA: Review of the Literature This is only meant as a starting point! It can take years to develop these writing skills!

Guide to effective public speaking (and sometimes, academic writing) 1.Tell ‘em what you’re gonna tell ‘em. 2.Tell ‘em. 3.Tell ‘em what you told ‘em. Also known as the art of healthy redundancy!

Imaginary scholarly authors: Affleck, Benjamin Anniston, Jennifer Barrymore, Drew Cruise, Thomas Depp, John Diaz, Cameron

Rewrite your research question. It is your guide to your review of literature.

Outline your research questions main topics (or subparts).

Greg Clinton’s ROL Outline Creativity Instructional Design The Persistent Thread: Creativity and Instructional Design Conceptualizing the Role of Creativity in Instructional Design

Write your review’s opening paragraph. Use the example on p. 82 of the text as a guide.

Write the “meat” of your review. Read & follow my “scaffolded” advice carefully.

Example of Writing a Literature Review In a review of educational gaming, Cruise (2007) concluded several important points. [Summarize the important points.] It is helpful to examine more closely some of the research reviewed by Cruise (2007) [Transitional sentence]. For example, research by Smith (2001) examined whether… [summarize]. Among Smith’s most important findings was… [paraphrase].

Write your concluding paragraph, again following my scaffolded advice carefully.

List your “real” references. There needs to be at least one.

Questions? Go ahead and enter question in message field, or… Click and wait for my prompt to speak.

To do list Follow the Course Learning Plan!

Writing a Clear and Cohesive Review  Get the proper psychological orientation.  Have a plan.  Emphasize relatedness.  Give credit where credit is due.  Review the literature. Don’t reproduce it!  Summarize what you have said.  Remember that your first draft will almost certainly NOT be your last draft.  Ask others for advice and feedback.

On rare occasions when the original source cannot be found even after diligent effort and the original source must be cited, use the following format: Smith, 1980, as cited in Jones, 2007

To avoid chaos, if you have a question or comment, click on the “Raise Hand”, but don’t send/speak your message until prompted by me.

Break-Out Room Discussion What are the main topics that should be included on a survey of IDD students?

Possible Topics Online vs. Face-to-Face? Differences between American and International students? Needed changes in the IDD curriculum? Overall future directions? What else?

Break Out Rooms Room 1 Arboleda Barreto Blackmon Choi Coker Room 2 Edwards Foster Freeman Hutchinson Kilroy Room 3 Lee Lim Liu Moreland Mosteller Room 4 Noh Parker Reitz Trail Wright

Questions? Go ahead and enter question in message field, or… Click and wait for my prompt to speak.