Kutscher / Ott / Bartsch Supporting Network Access and Service Location in Dynamic Environments Dirk Kutscher Jörg Ott Steffen Bartsch TNC
Kutscher / Ott / Bartsch Trends Service location and selection a major issue for WLAN service providers Different use cases Information about general coverage, roaming possibilities and tariffs Facilitating automated access Providing information for diagnosis and maintenance Existing ways for service location and selection insufficient for mobile users Fragmented information services (per provider) Inadequate solutions for automated access (Google Maps mesh-ups etc.) no offline usage! Information often outdated
Kutscher / Ott / Bartsch Example: FON Community WLAN Approach Web-based information service with Google Maps-based visualization Informational only Information cannot be used for automated client device configuration No relation to user’s current context Position, required services
Kutscher / Ott / Bartsch Selected Recent Developments FON Connection Manager Locate and automatically connect to FON Hotspots (Symbian S60) DeviceScape Centralized connectivity management approach Mobile clients access DeviceScape information database through DNS requests Providing WISP-specific information (how to log on) Mainly targeting automated log-on iPass Hotspot Finder Offline hotspot finder for Windows XP, Vista Pre-downloadable maps Offline search based on different criteria
Kutscher / Ott / Bartsch Shortcomings Many provider-specific solutions Not useful for general network service location No structured update mechanisms Users have to manually update the application/database Focusing on WLAN network access Other (related) services not covered VoIP access, multimedia resources etc.
Kutscher / Ott / Bartsch Service Maps: Main Concepts Network Information Service for Heterogeneous networks Challenged environments Large scale deployment Different take on network service location Receiver- and infrastructure-based filtering Accommodate different network architectures Main concept Mobile nodes receive/request service information from different sources and construct network service map according to MN requirements Support offline usage Leverage locality of distribution networks (e.g., WLAN) and service scope
Kutscher / Ott / Bartsch Service Map Distribution Architecture
Kutscher / Ott / Bartsch Data Model
Kutscher / Ott / Bartsch Filtering and Aggregation Aggregation E.g., provider-independent aggregators can combine Service Maps from multiple providers Filtering Different types of filter operations Tag filter : specify service tags that have to be present in a service description Location filter : Filter services relevant to a specific region XPath filter : filter based on arbitrary XML content in service descriptions and refinements
Kutscher / Ott / Bartsch Service Map URNs Motivation: Transport-independent distribution can generate multiple copies Globally unique identification for service maps required Uniform Resource Name (URN) as an identification mechanism for service maps, fragments and refinements Comparison rules (subset predicate) Resolution Mechanism based on Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDDS) Obtain specific URI through domain-specific translation rules urn:svcmap:example.org: :campus-wlan#coord= , ;range=100 urn:svcmap:example.org: :campus-wlan?6453#refinement-2343
Kutscher / Ott / Bartsch Bootstrapping Automating access to Service Map information in foreign networks Identify active Service Map service, i.e., in a foreign hotspot Obtain basic configuration information, e.g., Service Map URIs Bootstrapping defined for different environments Broadcast/Multicast: FLUTE session on standardized multicast address; simpler variant (no FLUTE) as a fallback Unicast-only: IP-auto-configuration, resolving standardized bootstrapping URN through local DNS
Kutscher / Ott / Bartsch Security Authenticity and integrity fundamental Service Map properties Have to preclude denial-of-service attacks by forged service information Challenge: transceiver-model is based on changes to the information base by intermediaries Filtering and aggregation must still be possible Still, receivers cannot establish trust-relationship with every possible transceivers (scalability, operational issues) Service Map approach: maintaining security properties of Service Maps fragments across the distribution chain Authenticated data structures based on Merkle hash trees Implemented with XML Digital Signatures
Kutscher / Ott / Bartsch Implementation Infrastructure Service Map distribution servers Client software Web-based client Browser-based Service Map interface for online usage Mobile client Offline client for smaller devices, mobile phones
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Kutscher / Ott / Bartsch Experiences Larger-scale campus WLAN application Setup, operations, measurements Enhancing connectivity in mobile scenarios Employing service maps for scheduling network access Simulations
Kutscher / Ott / Bartsch Campus Scenario
Kutscher / Ott / Bartsch Bootstrapping in campus environment Using FLUTE via IP-Multicast Providing data on 400 APs Reasonable bandwidths: 1kB – 64kB Good performance: about 2 – 16s Campus Evaluation
Kutscher / Ott / Bartsch Mobile Scenario Evaluation Mobile user connectivity WLAN emulation Either with acquiring data on APs in proximity or with sensing and probing Relatively simple connectivity algorithm Still 10% increase in Internet connectivity
Kutscher / Ott / Bartsch Upload server UUUU HTTPS Access control + anonymization Incoming database Aggregator Data set matching + freshness handling Dynamic database Integrator Provider database Mapping reports to known hotspots Service Maps Service Map Sender Distribution UUUU Service Map Transport Contribution
Kutscher / Ott / Bartsch Hotspot Displays Revisited
Kutscher / Ott / Bartsch Conclusions Automating access to WLAN hotspots is a major challenge for making evolving WLAN-based applications usable First developments are becoming eminent But: no provider-independent approach available today Network Service Maps as a general approach: Application- and provider-independent, supporting different transport services and organizational configurations Recent results: Large-scale operation Leveraging community contributions through contribution interface for user-observed hotspots
Kutscher / Ott / Bartsch Dirk Kutscher